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We describe for the first time a short sequence of the CD11c promoter (700bp, named as CD11cS) which induces selective antigen expression in dendritic cells (DCs). It showed a stronger promoter activity than the hitherto used long CD11c promoter (5.5kb, named as CD11cL), which had been reported inefficient to induce immune responses. After application to the ear pinna and electroporation (EP), CD11cS...
The compliance with influenza vaccination among health-care workers (HCWs) is known to be low. A multi-nationality survey to explore the reasons for such poor compliance has not been studied in depth.An epidemiologic survey to evaluate the compliance rates with influenza vaccination and possible associated reasons for compliance.A total of 450 survey sheets were distributed and 244 (54.2%) were completed...
Two recombinant adenoviruses designated rAd-F0ΔTM and rAd-F0 carrying the transmembrane truncated and full length of the F gene of the RSV-B1 strain, respectively, were engineered. Comparative immunogenicity studies in BALB/c mice showed that each vector was capable of inducing RSV-B1-specific antibodies that cross-reacted with the RSV-long and RSV-A2 viruses. The anti-RSV-B1 antibodies were neutralizing,...
DNA vaccines are an attractive approach to eliciting antigen-specific immunity. Intracellular targeting of tumor antigens through its linkage to immunostimulatory molecules such as calreticulin (CRT) can improve antigen processing and presentation through the MHC class I pathway and increase cytotoxic CD8+ T cell production. However, even with these enhancements, the efficacy of such immunotherapeutic...
Liposomes, either alone or in combination with additional immunostimulatory molecules, could be used for the delivery of antigens as vaccine adjuvants. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of (a) composition (fusogenicity and charge) of large multilamellar liposomes, (b) antigen entrapment efficiency into cationic liposomes and (c) addition of immunostimulatory peptidoglycan monomer...
This study sought to evaluate the early implementation of Australia's national HPV vaccination program for adult women aged 18–26 years. We conducted qualitative in-depth interviews with 24 program managers and primary care providers in key roles of implementation across the country. While participants had generally positive beliefs about the vaccine, some questioned the cost-effectiveness for women...
Implementation of cervical cancer (CC) vaccination in Latin America is expected to reduce the high CC burden in those countries. But the efficiency of such vaccination programs in the region still remains unknown. This study assesses the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of introducing vaccination into the current CC disease management of five Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile,...
Shigellosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in low-resource countries. Promising vaccine strategies in development include genetically attenuated Shigella, killed whole cell vaccines, subcellular vaccines, and O-polysaccharide–protein conjugates. There is a concern that Shigella vaccines could either induce reactive arthritis or could prime vaccinees for arthritis after...
Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) provides a useful tool to rapidly immunize populations in the developing world to prevent influenza outbreaks. In this noninferiority trial conducted in Asia and South America, where oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is still used, 2503 children aged 6 to <36 months with three polio immunizations were randomized to receive LAIV+OPV, placebo+OPV, or LAIV only...
Infection of rabbits with aerosolized rabbitpox virus (RPXV) produces a disease similar to monkeypox and smallpox in humans and provides a valuable, informative model system to test medical countermeasures against orthopoxviruses. Due to the eradication of smallpox, the evaluation of the efficacy of new-generation smallpox vaccines depends on relevant well-developed animal studies for vaccine licensure...
In Finland, the whole-cell pertussis vaccine was replaced with acellular pertussis vaccine in the national immunisation schedule in 2005. Adolescent booster vaccinations were also included in the programme. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of these changes on the epidemiology and strain characteristics of Bordetella pertussis. From the national register, we first analysed all the...
In most tuberculosis (TB) endemic countries, bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is usually given around birth to prevent severe TB in infants. The neonatal immune system is immature. Our hypothesis was that delaying BCG vaccination from birth to 10 weeks of age would enhance the vaccine-induced immune response.In a randomized clinical trial, BCG was administered intradermally either at birth (n=25) or...
We conducted an active, population-based laboratory surveillance study to evaluate the epidemiologic features of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Taiwan. Concurrently, nasopharyngeal colonization of Streptococcus pneumoniae was evaluated among 1128 healthy children aged ≤5 years. The overall incidence was highest among children aged 2–4 years (15.6/100,000). Serotype 19A, which had never been...
Equine influenza is a contagious diseases caused by equine influenza viruses which belong to the orthomyxovirus family. Outbreaks of equine influenza cause severe economic loses to the horse industry and consequently competition horses are required to be regularly vaccinated against equine influenza. Currently available inactivated vaccines are only able to induce protection against clinical disease...
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