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Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a leading cause of both upper and lower respiratory infections that can lead to devastating sequela. Currently no primary prevention measures are available. During the 1960s and 1970s several inactivated M. pneumoniae vaccines were tested, some with encouraging results. Here we present a systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and adverse effects of M. pneumoniae...
The neutralising antibody response after the yellow fever vaccine (YF-17D) skin test was measured in 7 egg allergic persons in whom further vaccination was abandoned because of a strong local urticarial reaction to the YF-17D vaccine test dose. We found that this test dose of 0.1mL of YF-17D vaccine was sufficient to induce a protective antibody response in all 7 subjects. Intradermal injection of...
Effective DNA-based vaccines against lentiviruses will likely induce CTL against conserved viral proteins. Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) infects horses worldwide, and serves as a useful model for lentiviral immune control. Although attenuated live EIAV vaccines have induced protective immune responses, DNA-based vaccines have not. In particular, DNA-based vaccines have had limited success...
Bordetella bronchiseptica is a Gram-negative respiratory pathogen that causes substantial disease in a variety of animals. Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertactin are important attachment factors and protective immunogens, which serve as protective antigens in several animal models of infection with B. bronchiseptica. Here, we showed the efficacy of subcutaneous immunization of mice with a recombinant...
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is now offered to adolescent girls in the UK. Adolescents over 16 years old are likely to make their own decision about the vaccination. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess acceptability of HPV vaccination among female adolescents (16–19 years) and investigate socio-cultural variation in intended acceptance. Participants were recruited through...
Francisella tularensis, the etiologic agent of tularemia, can cause severe and fatal infection after inhalation of as few as 10–100CFU. F. tularensis is a potential bioterrorism agent and, therefore, a priority for countermeasure development. Vaccination with the live vaccine strain (LVS), developed from a Type B strain, confers partial protection against aerosal exposure to the more virulent Type...
This study compared serum antibody titers and granzyme B (GrzB) levels in virus-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells following influenza vaccination. Twelve of 239 older adults who subsequently developed laboratory-diagnosed influenza illness (LDI) had significantly lower GrzB levels compared to subjects without LDI (p=0.004). Eight subjects with LDI in the previous year showed an enhanced...
We have developed a Trivalent DNA vaccine for influenza consisting of three plasmids expressing haemagglutinin from different seasonal influenza virus strains delivered using PMED™ (particle mediated epidermal delivery). We set out to determine whether this vaccine (with and without a molecular adjuvant DNA Encoded Immunostimulator-Labile Toxin (DEI-LT)) could protect subjects from a controlled influenza...
Many strategies, including intradermal vaccination, have been tested to augment antibody responses upon vaccination. This strategy has not been evaluated in different groups of immunocompromized patients. We conducted a prospective, randomized study to compare the humoral response upon standard intramuscular influenza vaccination with the response upon reduced-dose intradermal vaccination in patients...
Between 1982 and 2006, 76 clinical studies (including the annual update studies required for licensing in Europe) were performed with the trivalent inactivated subunit influenza vaccine Influvac ® . In all, 6415 subjects were vaccinated, of whom 5034 were eligible for safety evaluation and 4534 for efficacy evaluation. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 13.7% of subjects. Transient...
The fifth annual Asian Rabies Expert Bureau (AREB) meeting, held in Vietnam, addressed how to increase rabies awareness and to improve rabies prevention and control. Active participation of Ministries of Health and Education was identified as crucial for the success of rabies programs, and World Rabies Day was considered as one of the best opportunities to increase rabies awareness. AREB strongly...
Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of DTPa and reduced antigen dTpa booster vaccines were compared to a hepatitis A control vaccine in DTPa-primed toddlers aged 18–20 months. Post-booster, all DTPa and dTpa recipients were seroprotected against diphtheria and tetanus, and ≥93.3% had a booster response to pertussis. There were similar reactogenicity rates in the DTPa and dTpa vaccine recipients. Few...
Infection with the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a significant source of parasitic infections worldwide. In adults, infections may often lead to severe retinochoroiditis. Infection of the foetus causes abortion or congenital pathology that may lead to neurological complications. Although several strategies have been suggested for making a vaccine, none is currently available...
The hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay is the main tool used by epidemiologists to quantify antigenic differences between circulating influenza virus strains, with the goal of selecting suitable vaccine strains. However, such quantitative measures of antigenic difference were recently shown to have poor predictive accuracy with respect to influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in healthy adults...
The effectiveness of single dose, intranasally delivered vaccines comprising detergent-disrupted inactivated influenza virus (split virus) and ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant was examined in mice. Vaccines formulated with adjuvant required 10- to 100-fold less split virus antigen to induce pulmonary protection following viral challenge when compared to vaccines containing split virus alone. Furthermore, those...
The recent resurgence of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in India and Indian Ocean Islands with unusual clinical severity is a matter of great public health concern. Despite the fact that CHIKV resurgence is associated with epidemic of unprecedented magnitude, no approved licensed vaccine is currently available. In the present study, a Vero cell adapted purified formalin inactivated prototype vaccine candidate...
Safety is one of the main concerns for attenuated live vaccine candidates. Here we extend the stability and attenuation studies of the promising tuberculosis vaccine candidate based on Mycobacterium tuberculosis phoP mutant strain, SO2. Stability of the phoP mutation was tested after sub-culturing SO2 strain for 6 months in laboratory media and also after 3 months of infection in SCID mice. Results...
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