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Classical swine fever (CSF) is an economically important, highly contagious swine disease caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Marker vaccines and companion serological diagnostic tests are thought to be a promising strategy for future control and eradication of CSF. Previously, we have demonstrated that an adenovirus-vectored Semliki forest virus replicon construct expressing the E2 glycoprotein...
High potency, inactivated foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccines may be used in non endemic countries for emergency vaccination during outbreaks in order to prevent virus spread. In endemic countries either standard or high potency vaccines are used for routine vaccination. Despite their wide use there is a shortage of data on the field effectiveness of inactivated FMD vaccines. Epidemics of FMD caused...
West Nile virus (WNV) is an emergent pathogen in the Americas, first reported in New York during 1999, and has since spread across the USA, Central and South America causing neurological disease in humans, horses and some bird species, including domestic geese. No WNV vaccines are licensed in the USA for use in geese. This study reports the development of a domestic goose vaccine efficacy model, based...
A phase III, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in Hong Kong to evaluate the efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of a human rotavirus vaccine, RIX4414 (Rotarix™) against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in children up to three years of age.Healthy infants aged 6–12 weeks were enrolled between 08-December-2003 and 31-August-2005 and received two oral doses of either RIX4414 vaccine...
The smallpox vaccine Vaccinia was successfully used to eradicate smallpox, but although very effective, it was a very reactogenic vaccine and responsible for the deaths of one or two people per million vaccinated. Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a replication-deficient and attenuated derivative, also used in the smallpox eradication campaign and now being developed as a recombinant viral vector...
Influenza vaccines have been recommended for populations at risk for severe infection in low and middle income countries (LMICs) although knowledge of the evidence-base for their effectiveness and efficacy is limited in these countries. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the evidence-base for the effectiveness and efficacy of influenza vaccines in LMICs and to explore critical...
The increased possibility of bioterrorism has led to reinitiation of smallpox vaccination. In Korea, more than 30 years have passed since the last smallpox vaccinations, and even people who were previously vaccinated are not regarded as adequately protected against smallpox. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of CJ-50300, a newly developed cell culture-derived smallpox vaccine, in healthy adults...
The 2010 Cochrane review on efficacy, effectiveness and safety of influenza vaccination in the elderly by Jefferson et al. covering dozens of clinical studies over a period of four decades, confirmed vaccine safety, but found no convincing evidence for vaccine effectiveness (VE) against disease thus challenging the ongoing efforts to vaccinate the elderly.However, the Cochrane review analyzed and...
In 1974, a live varicella vaccine (Oka strain) was developed in Japan for the prevention of varicella. It has been commercially available since 1987 for the voluntary vaccination program, in which children over the age of 1 year with no history of previous varicella infection receive a single dose. From before approval up to the present, we have been carrying out long-term studies in healthy children...
The calculation of p epitope values, a sequence-based measure of antigenic distance between strains, was developed for human influenza. The potential to apply the p epitope value to equine influenza vaccine strain selection was assessed. There was a negative correlation between p epitope value and vaccine efficacy for pairs of vaccine and challenge strains used in cross-protection...
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