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We assessed adult male and female awareness and acceptance of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and vaccination for cervical cancer prevention, as well as factors associated with willingness to be administered the HPV vaccine. A nationwide population-based interview survey was conducted in Korea. One thousand male and female adults were included with random sampling. Despite the fact that awareness...
Leishmania histone H2B has been reported to be a promising candidate for both vaccination and serodiagnosis. We evaluated the cellular immune responses induced by H2B and its divergent amino-terminal (H2B-N) and conserved carboxy-terminal (H2B-C) regions in individuals with a history of Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (LCL) due to Leishmania (L.) major. H2B induced significantly high PBMC proliferation...
To lay a foundation for the further development of a novel contraceptive vaccine based on epididymal protease inhibitor (Eppin) protein, possible B-cell epitopes were predicted using bioinformatics. Overlapping KLH-coupled peptides corresponding to the 89–133 amino acid domain of Eppin protein were synthesized by the Fmoc method. The male mice were immunized with various peptides resulting in a gradual...
The lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, vectors pathogens of emerging diseases of humans and animals in the United States. Currently, measures are not available for effective control of A. americanum infestations. Development of vaccines directed against tick proteins may reduce tick infestations and the transmission of tick-borne pathogens. However, the limiting step in tick vaccine development...
The periplasmic binding protein (P39) antigen of Brucella melitensis 16M was previously identified as Th1 dominant antigens. In this study, the potential for this antigen to function as vaccine against B. melitensis 16M infection in BALB/c mice has been analyzed, and the humoral and cellular immune responses induced have been also characterized. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with live Escherichia...
The protective capacity of a parenterally administered β-glucan-conjugate vaccine formulated with the human-compatible MF59 adjuvant was assessed in a murine model of vaginal candidiasis. To monitor infection, an in vivo imaging technique exploiting genetically engineered, luminescent Candida albicans was adopted, and compared with measurements of colony forming units. The vaccine conferred significant...
Governments and public health officials are preparing vaccination campaigns against the 2009 influenza A H1N1v pandemic strain. We evaluated two inactivated split-virion A/California/7/2009 H1N1v pandemic vaccines formulated with/without AS03 A , an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant system containing tocopherol.This ongoing observer-blind study randomised 130 healthy adults aged 18–60 years to...
Pregnant women are at increased risk for complications and death associated with pandemic H1N1 influenza infection and they are prioritized for vaccination by public health authorities. Few data are available on the safety of adjuvants as components of pandemic vaccines that could be given systematically to pregnant women. Here we review nonclinical and clinical data on pregnancy outcomes associated...
From September 2008, older adolescent girls in the UK are eligible to have the HPV vaccine as part of the HPV vaccination ‘catch-up’ programme. Six months before they were due to be offered the vaccine 16–18 year old girls (N=617) from eight further education/sixth-form colleges reported their intentions to have the HPV vaccine and reasons for this decision. Most intended to have the vaccine (around...
Since many years Afssaps applies the 3R's strategy (replacement, reduction and refinement) for the use of laboratory animal testing in the framework of vaccine batch release. In this context, for Hepatitis A vaccines, a study was carried out to assess the feasibility of replacing the in vivo “Gold Standard” potency assay by the Afssaps’ validated in-house antigen content in vitro assay on routine...
The certainty of the protective role of acquired immunity in malaria is the major drive for malaria vaccine development. In this study, we measured the levels of total IgG and IgG subclasses to four candidate malaria vaccine antigens; MSP2-3D7, MSP2-FC27, AMA-1 and Pf332-C231, in plasma obtained from a cohort of 136 donors from Daraweesh in Sudan. The cohort was followed for malaria infection for...
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite causing toxoplasmosis to almost one-third of population all over the world. One of the most efficient ways to control this disease is immunization. However, so far, there is no effective vaccine available against this pathogen. Recently, a baculovirus pseudotype with vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (Bac-VSV–G) was found to efficiently transduce and express...
Edwardsiella tarda is a severe aquaculture pathogen that can infect many different fish species cultured worldwide. Et49 is a major E. tarda antigen with weak immunoprotective potential. In this study, using Et49 as an example vaccine, the adjuvanticity of Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA), aluminum hydroxide, and aluminum phosphate adjuvant were evaluated in a Japanese flounder model. The results...
A choice-format, conjoint-analysis survey was developed and fielded to estimate how features of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines affect mothers’ perceived benefit and stated vaccine uptake for daughters. Data were collected from a national sample of 307 U.S. mothers of girls aged 13–17 years who had not yet received an HPV vaccine. Preferences for four features of HPV vaccines were evaluated: protection...
We aimed to determine the proportion of the population in Madang (Papua New Guinea) immune to measles infection by age groups, with respect to immunization status and study location, using dried blood sampling technology. We performed a prospective cross-sectional sero-survey. Population immunity against measles was sub-optimal (77%) and reported measles vaccine coverage in children <10 years of...
Recent findings indicate that seasonal influenza vaccination or infection of healthy humans may contribute to heterosubtypic immunity against new influenza A subtypes, such as H5N1. Here, we investigated whether seasonal influenza vaccination in a mouse model could induce any immunity against the H5N1 subtype. It could be demonstrated that, largely due to the H1N1 component strain A/NewCaledonia/20/99,...
The two most commonly used methods for the determination of a virus potency are plaque assay and 50% cell culture infective dose (CCID 50 ) assay, both based on cytopathic effect observation. We compared the potency estimates obtained by plaque and CCID 50 assays for nine mumps virus strains that produce different cytopathic effects in Vero cells. The ratios of CCID 50 and...
Developing an effective HIV-1 vaccine will require strategies to enhance antigen presentation to the immune system. In a previous study we demonstrated a marked increase in immunogenicity of the highly glycosylated HIV-1 gp120 protein following enzymatic addition of α-gal epitopes to the carbohydrate chains. In the present study we determined whether gp120 αgal can also serve as an effective...
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