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In June 2009 a global influenza pandemic was declared by the World Health Organisation. A vaccination programme against H1N1 influenza was introduced in many countries from September 2009, but there was low uptake in both the general population and health professionals in many, though not all, countries.To examine the psychological and demographic factors associated with uptake of vaccination during...
We have shown earlier that a single dose of cloned defective interfering (DI) influenza A virus strongly protects mice from disease following a lethal challenge with different subtypes of influenza A virus. These animals suffered no clinical disease but experienced a subclinical infection which rendered them immune to reinfection with the same challenge virus. However, little is known about how DI...
Mononuclear cells have been implicated in the primary inflammatory response against mycobacteria. Yet, little is known about the interaction of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) with human monocytes. Here, we investigated the potential of BCG Moreau strain to induce in vitro specific cell-death utilizing a flow cytometry approach that revealed an increase in apoptosis events in BCG-stimulated...
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen in the World and there is an urgent need for a vaccine to prevent these infections. To determine what type of adjuvant can better enhance the immunogenicity of a Chlamydia vaccine, we formulated the recombinant major outer membrane protein (Ct-rMOMP) with several ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLR) and the nucleotide-binding...
The globally large-scale immunization was the most important method of controlling the 2009 pandemic influenza.We conducted an observational clinical trial, including 148 adults aged 18–60 years to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a licensed 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine. All subjects received a single 15-μg dose of a monovalent, unadjuvanted inactivated vaccine. Antibody titers were measured...
Oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) is a critical part of the polio eradication programme. A high number of doses are administered each year with an impact on billions of citizens worldwide. It is therefore essential that written standards concerning OPV are up to date and widely available. The World Health Organization (WHO) publishes technical guidance on the quality, safety and efficacy of vaccines...
The induction of antigen specific memory CD8 + T cells in vivo is very important to new vaccines against infectious diseases. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the immune responses of peptide-specific CD8 + T cells induced by HLA-A*0201 restricted severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) S epitopes plus CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN), PolyI:C...
Domestic ducks are key intermediates in the transmission of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, and therefore are included in vaccination programs to control H5N1 HPAI. Although vaccination has proven effective in protecting ducks against disease, different species of domestic ducks appear to respond differently to vaccination, and shedding of the virus may still occur in clinically...
Yersinia pestis causes plague, a disease with high mortality in humans that can be transmitted by fleabite or aerosol. A US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-licensed plague vaccine is currently not available. Vaccine developers have focused on two subunits of Y. pestis: LcrV, a protein at the tip of type III secretion needles, and F1, the fraction 1 pilus antigen. F1-V, a hybrid generated via translational...
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2) is an important porcine and human pathogen. Some proteins secreted by S. suis 2 are thought to play important roles in the pathogenesis of this organism and in its induced immune response. SsPepO has been previously identified as a secretary immunogenic protein using immunoproteomic techniques. In this study, we confirmed that the sequence of this protein...
The aim of this study was to produce adjuvant with high biosafety, efficacy and low cost. Towards this goal, the plant Nicotiana benthamiana transient expression system was successfully used to express Salmonella typhimurium's flagellin (FljB). The yield of the expressed FljB was 280mg per kg of fresh weight (FW) leaves. The lyophilized plant powder containing plant expressing FljB was mixed with...
Research into an efficacious Chlamydia trachomatis vaccine is ongoing, however, there has been no examination into the timing of vaccine administration to either asymptomatically or previously infected individuals. Using the female Chlamydia muridarum genital tract mouse model, we examined this aspect of vaccine development. Our results show timing of vaccination affected the production of systemic...
During the 2007–08 influenza season, we reported an interim vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimate of 44% for preventing medically attended influenza. In this analysis we report results for the entire season and compare them with the interim estimate.Patients with feverishness, chills, or cough <8 days duration were prospectively recruited over 10 weeks and tested for influenza by real-time reverse...
In Bolivia, in 2008, the under-five mortality rate is 54 per 1000 live births. Diarrhea causes 15% of these deaths, and 40% of pediatric diarrhea-related hospitalizations are caused by rotavirus illness (RI). Rotavirus vaccination (RV), subsidized by international donors, is expected to reduce morbidity, mortality, and economic burden to the Bolivian state. Estimates of illness and economic burden...
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite infecting mammals and birds including humans. Rhoptry protein 18 has been implicated as an important virulence factor. In this study, we constructed a DNA vaccine expressing rhoptry protein 18 (ROP18) of T. gondii, and evaluated the immune response and protective immunity in Kunming mice. The gene sequence encoding ROP18 was inserted...
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