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Immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMs) are known to be highly effective adjuvants for envelope antigens of viral agents, but have not been evaluated for use with antigens of intracellular bacteria. Balb/c mice were subcutaneously immunized with ISCOMs into which the T cell-reactive membrane protein TUL4 of Francisella tularensis had been incorporated. Spleen cells from the immunized mice responded...
Experiments were carried out to examine the initial feasibility of immunizing infants and children with inactivated influenza virus vaccine combined with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine. Groups of mice were immunized with saline vaccine or vaccine mixed with DTP: three doses of vaccine were given 3 weeks apart, and the antibody response and resistance to challenge infection were tested...
An experimental fattening period was performed with 36 pigs in order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a bivalent adjuvanted Serpulina hyodysenteriae bacterin. The pigs originated from three different farms and were split into six groups. Eighteen pigs were vaccinated twice, two weeks apart and the rest served as controls. One unvaccinated pig in each group was inoculated intragastrically...
Calves born to vaccinated cows under the regular annual vaccination programme were vaccinated at different ages using commercial quadrivalent (01, A79, A87 and C85 FMDV strains) vaccine emulsified in oil adjuvant. The antibody responses of vaccinated calves were evaluated using liquid-phase blocking sandwich ELISA. All calves 20, 30 and 40 days old having high maternal antibody titres responded well...
Several viruses have been exploited for the development of recombinant vaccine vectors in which to express foreign proteins. Recently, we have described a system utilizing the RNA virus, poliovirus. We have constructed poliovirus genomes in which regions of the capsid have been substituted with gene fragments of the HIV gag and env genes. A complementation system has been designed to encapsidate...
Pre- and post-vaccination sera from 19 volunteers were analysed by the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, virus neutralization (VN) assay and avidity enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). The sera were tested against the three strains in a commercial inactivated influenza vaccine; A/Beijing/353/89 (H3N2); A/Taiwan/1/86 (H1N1) and B/Yamagatal/16/88. Additionally, a range of earlier strains...
When grown in vivo, or under iron-restriction in vitro, Neisseria meningitidis expresses a number of iron-regulated outer membrane proteins, including two transferrin-binding proteins (Tbp1 and Tbp2). The Tbps are highly specific receptors for human transferrin and we have previously demonstrated their immunogenicity in humans and animals and their exposure on the surface of the organism. There...
The glycoprotein E (gE) locus in the genome of pseudorabies virus (PRV) was used as an insertion site for the expression of glycoprotein E1 of classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Transcription of E1 in the recombinants M401, M402 or M403 was regulated by the gD promoter of PRV, the immediate early gene promoter of human cytomegalovirus, or the gE promoter of PRV, respectively. Groups of four pigs...
Vaccines against group B meningococcal infection tested in several field trials have all been extracts of the outer membrane of the bacteria. We have developed a single component vaccine based on the class 1 outer membrane protein P1 produced in a heterologous hostBacillus subtilis, and describe here its immunizing properties. The purified and denatured protein BacP1 was solubilized in SDS, followed...
We studied differences in immune responses after first time immunization with a trivalent inactivated split influenza vaccine, or after vaccination in the preceding year, in 42 healthy volunteers (40 ± 13 years). Sequential serum samples were collected over 40 weeks. Previously vaccinated volunteers exhibited 40-92% protective antibody levels in their prevaccination sera. Subjects vaccinated for...
Attempts to achieve IgA responses in the intestine by oral immunization with non replicating antigens have been characterized by ineffective responses of short duration unless long term dosages are administered. Cholera toxin (CT) is an exception in that it is able to produce a high secretory and systemic immune response. We study the effects of a bacterial immunomodulator [3 10 10 ...
This study investigates antigen-specific B and T cell responses following mucosal immunization with the major outer membrane protein, P2, from non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and the role of these responses in bacterial clearance following pulmonary challenge. Modification of the immunization preparation by the inclusion of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) with the adjuvant, incomplete Freund's...
A major adhesin from the oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans has been shown to be mucosally immunogenic upon genetic fusion with the cholera toxin A2/B subunits. To take advantage of the ability of Salmonella typhimurium to deliver cloned antigens to the mucosal inductive sites that would obviate the need for antigen purification, we expressed this chimeric construct in an attenuated S. typhimurium...
In this study, we describe the construction of poliovirus genomes or replicons which contain the C fragment gene of tetanus toxin substituted for the poliovirus P1 capsid. Upon transfection of replicon RNA into cells, we immunoprecipitated a protein corresponding to the C-fragment of tetanus toxin using tetanus-specific antibodies. Using a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing poliovirus P1...
The composition, structure and immunogenicity of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) particles derived from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and from cells of the yeastHansenula polymorpha were compared. The particles were similar in size distribution (mean 20-33 nm), in shape (spherical), in gross composition (protein to lipid weight ratio of 60:40), and in types of lipids (phospholipids>>sterols=sterol...
Six different secretory proteins of molecular weights (15, 26, 30, 41, 55 and 70 kDa) were isolated from 8-day-old culture filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H 37 Ra using different column chromatography techniques. These proteins were further examined for their ability to induce cell mediated (T-cell proliferation assay) and humoral immune response (ELISA) in mice immunized with...
The effect of different surfactants on the surface characteristics of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles prepared by the emulsification/solvent evaporation technique was investigated and the immune response to a protein antigen (OVA) associated with these microparticles was measured. Three surfactants - polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, a conventional stabiliser of PLG microparticles), the non-ionic...
We performed a randomized trial to compare the safety and immunogenicity of two combined measles, mumps and rubella vaccines in healthy children 14-24 months of age. Triviraten Berna Vaccine (Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute), contains the Edmonston Zagreb 19 strain of measles virus, the Rubini mumps virus strain and the Wistar RA 273 rubella strain while MMR-Vax (Merck, Sharp...
Somatic transgene immunization (STI) is an alternative approach to immunization mediated by inoculation of plasmid DNA. In the experiments presented here we show that inoculation of plasmid DNA carrying an immunoglobulin heavy chain gene under the control of tissue-specific regulatory elements, leads to immunity and persistent immunologic memory against a peptide epitope encoded in the third complementarity-determining...
The safety and immunogenicity of HIV-1 MN recombinant gp160 (MN rgp160) vaccine in healthy, uninfected volunteers was tested in a double-blind study with a factorial design. By random assignment, 20 volunteers received three 200 μg doses of MN rgp160 and four volunteers received placebo at days 0, 28, and 168 or 0, 56, and 224. Of the 24 volunteers, 16 received 200 μg or 800 μg of MN...
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