Neuroradiology is the radiological subspeciality dealing with the diagnosis, characterization and, in some cases, treatment of disease entities affecting the central or peripheral nervous system. It is a rapidly expanding field and one in which technological advances have been pivotal in driving further progression. The last few years have seen significant improvements in access to high-quality imaging; modalities and techniques that were once the remit of academic institutions with significant research interests are now accessible to the majority with reduced cost, improved availability and concomitant dissemination of expertise. The trend towards subspecialization has continued in recent years, with a specialist's career choice no longer limited to the pursuit of either a predominantly interventional or diagnostic role. The emergence of those with dedicated expertise in head and neck imaging, paediatric neuroradiology, neuro-ophthalmology, neuro-oncology and stroke is a development that is likely to continue and parallels that which is occurring in body imaging.The objectives of this chapter are to introduce the principal neuroradiological imaging modalities relevant to clinical practice, discuss what each offers and convey their respective limitations. Scenarios in which a given modality is particularly advantageous over others will be discussed as well as the circumstances that preclude the use of certain techniques. The list of modalities discussed is not intended to be exhaustive; the emphasis will be on those that are currently routinely available but novel developments and those currently limited to specialist centres functioning mainly as research tools will also be mentioned briefly.