Children and Youth Services Review

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The Family Support Act and Children: Potential Pathways of Influence

Martha J. Zaslow, Kristin A. Moore, Donna Ruane Morrison, Mary Jo Coiro

Children and Youth Services Review > 1995 > 17 > 1-2 > 231-249

The Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training Program (JOBS), implemented in response to the Family Support Act of 1988, has the potential to affect children's lives not only through changes in maternal education and family economic self-sufficiency but also through children's experiences in nonmaternal care and changes in maternal subjective well-being. Previous research provides good evidence...

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Teenage Childbearing and Welfare Reform: Lessons from a Decade of Demonstration and Evaluation Research

Rebecca Maynard

Children and Youth Services Review > 1995 > 17 > 1-2 > 309-332

This paper discusses the causes and consequences of teenage childbearing. It also describes those teenage parents on welfare and their life circumstances that facilitate or impede their success as young parents. The third section describes a major federal demonstration of a mandatory JOBS-type program for teenage parents and its effectiveness in promoting self-sufficiency among this population. The...

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The Welfare of Children

Duncan Lindsey

Children and Youth Services Review > 1995 > 17 > 1-2 > 347-354

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Effects of Childhood Poverty on Productivity Later in Life: Implications for Public Policy

Martha S. Hill, Jodi R. Sandfort

Children and Youth Services Review > 1995 > 17 > 1-2 > 91-126

This paper presents a conceptual model for better understanding how poverty jeopardizes a host of childhood and adulthood abilities. An explicit link is made between this conceptual model and various policy initiatives which attempt to curb poverty or its detrimental effects. To better flesh out the model--and illustrate the myriad ways poverty exerts its effects on children's lives--this paper...

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Caring for Children at the Poverty Line

Sandra L. Hofferth

Children and Youth Services Review > 1995 > 17 > 1-2 > 61-90

Child care services will be critical to successful efforts to end welfare as we know it. Rather than focusing attention on the nonworking poor, this paper argues that attention should be focused upon the needs of working-poor and working-class families, who may be former welfare families. The paper presents data from the National Child Care Survey 1990 and A Profile of Child Care Settings that...

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The Learning, Physical, and Emotional Environment of the Home in the Context of Poverty: The Infant Health and Development Program

Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Pamela Kato Klebanov, Fong-ruey Liaw

Children and Youth Services Review > 1995 > 17 > 1-2 > 251-276

The impact of individual environmental and biological risks and the number of risks on the home environment of 3-year-olds is examined in a sample of low birth weight, premature infants enrolled in the Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP). The IHDP is a large clinical trial designed to test the efficacy of early intervention services. The effects of 13 risk factors upon the HOME are examined...

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Long-term Poverty and Child Development in the United States: Results from the NLSY

Sanders Korenman, Jane E. Miller, John E. Sjaastad

Children and Youth Services Review > 1995 > 17 > 1-2 > 127-155

We describe developmental deficits in early childhood associated with long-term poverty in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). We compare estimates of the effects of long-term poverty (based on a 13-year average of income) to estimates of the effects of poverty based on a single year of income (at the time of developmental assessment). There are substantial developmental deficits among...

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Family Life and Teenage Pregnancy in the Inner-City: Experiences of African-American Youth

Sandra K. Danziger

Children and Youth Services Review > 1995 > 17 > 1-2 > 183-202

This paper analyzes in-depth interviews to compare the relative plausibility of family processes versus schooling opportunities as factors associated with sex and motherhood in poor communities. The data are from life history interviews with 80 African-American women aged 15-20, conducted between 1987-90. Perceptions of family life were coded into three dimensions of emotional relationships, presence...

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Extent and Consequences of Welfare Dependence Among America's Children

Greg J. Duncan, Wei-Jun J. Yeung

Children and Youth Services Review > 1995 > 17 > 1-2 > 157-182

This article examines the extent and consequences for children of life in a family that receives at least part of its income from welfare. We find that occasional receipt is widespread but persistent dependence is not. Dependence appears to have increased between the late 1960s and early 1970s, did not change much between the early 1970s and late 1980s, and may have increased again, for younger black...

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Poverty and the Income Package of Working Parents: The United States in Comparative Perspective

Lee Rainwater

Children and Youth Services Review > 1995 > 17 > 1-2 > 11-41

Poverty rates among families with children in the eight modern industrial countries examined here range from 20.3 percent in the United States to 3.5 percent in Sweden. When one or both parents have at least some earnings poverty rates are lower but there is still substantial variation among the eight. This study describes the role of earnings and transfers in the income packages of working parents...

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Single Mothers and Child Support: The Possibilities and Limits of Child Support Policy

Kathryn Edin

Children and Youth Services Review > 1995 > 17 > 1-2 > 203-230

In recent years, policy-makers have argued that one method of reducing welfare dependency is to toughen up child support enforcement. Yet every government effort to do so has yielded meager results. Furthermore, experts predict that even when fully implemented, Congress's most recent effort to fix this system, the Family Support Act of 1988, will do little more to help most poor children to get...

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Encouraging School Enrollment and Attendance Among Teenage Parents on Welfare: Early Impacts of Ohio's LEAP Program

Robert G. Wood, Dan Bloom, Veronica Fellerath, David Long

Children and Youth Services Review > 1995 > 17 > 1-2 > 277-307

This article presents interim findings from an impact analysis of Ohio's Learning, Earning, and Parenting (LEAP) Program. LEAP is a statewide program designed to encourage school attendance among pregnant and parenting teens on welfare. The key features of the program are bonuses of $62 for each month a teen regularly attends school or a GED program and penalties of $62 for each month the teen does...

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Child Poverty, Public Policy and Welfare Reform

Sandra K. Danziger, Sheldon Danziger

Children and Youth Services Review > 1995 > 17 > 1-2 > 1-10

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Antipoverty Effects of Public Income Transfers on Children

Martha N. Ozawa

Children and Youth Services Review > 1995 > 17 > 1-2 > 43-59

As the political debate on the economic competitiveness of the United States heats up, the investment in the nation's children will become a top priority. Howe successfully is the United States reducing poverty among children through public income transfers of all types? And how does its effectiveness in doing so compare with its effectiveness in eliminating poverty among the elderly? Which demographic...

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Child Poverty and Welfare Reform

Duncan Lindsey

Children and Youth Services Review > 1995 > 17 > 1-2 > 333-345

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Stability and Change: Initial Findings in a Study of Treatment Foster Care Placements

Ilene Staff, Edith Fein

Children and Youth Services Review > 1995 > 17 > 3 > 379-389

A study of children in long-term treatment foster care placements yields several insights about this child welfare practice: that much of it is concerned with change as well as stability in a family; that a small number of children accounts for a disproportionate number of placement changes; that supports after permanent placements into adoption or reunification are desirable; and that a continuum...

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Assessment of Middle Class Youth At-risk to Dropout: School, Psychological and Family Correlates

Cynthia Franklin, Calvin L. Streeter

Children and Youth Services Review > 1995 > 17 > 3 > 433-448

High school dropout among middle class, high achieving and majority youth is on the increase. Little research exists that specifically identifies the at-risk characteristics of these youth. Empirical evidence concerning the reasons for school dropout, academic, psychological, and family patterns of 200 middle class dropout youth are presented. Implications for interventions are discussed.

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Committal to Care in Context

Elisabeth Backe-Hansen

Children and Youth Services Review > 1995 > 17 > 3 > 401-415

Data about the decision-making processes leading to a suggestion of committal to care for a sample of Norwegian children is presented. The sample consists of all children aged 0 to 7 years suggested committed to care in Oslo during one year, totalling 46 children and 42 cases. The definition of child abuse and neglect in a wide sense is seen as socially constructed, related to contextual ambiguities...

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Readiness For Independence: Comparison of Foster Care, Kinship Care, and Non-Foster Care Adolescents

Alfreda P. Iglehart

Children and Youth Services Review > 1995 > 17 > 3 > 417-432

Data from Los Angeles County are used to compare 63 non-foster care adolescents with 42 adolescents placed in kinship care and 69 adolescents in non-relative foster family care in their readiness for independent living. Bivariate analysis revealed that foster care and non-foster care adolescents are not significantly different in perceptions of independent living skill levels, type of employment...

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Children in the Streets: Latin America's Lost Generation

Irene Rizzini, Mark W. Lusk

Children and Youth Services Review > 1995 > 17 > 3 > 391-400

This study presents an overview of the situation of street children and youth in urban Latin America. Findings from numerous studies throughout the region, including original studies by the authors, are synthesized. The authors suggest that economic factors underlie the marginalization of vast numbers of Latin American children. The result is the exclusion of many of the region's children from meaningful...

INFONA - science communication portal

Children and Youth Services Review

The Family Support Act and Children: Potential Pathways of Influence

Teenage Childbearing and Welfare Reform: Lessons from a Decade of Demonstration and Evaluation Research

The Welfare of Children

Effects of Childhood Poverty on Productivity Later in Life: Implications for Public Policy

Caring for Children at the Poverty Line

The Learning, Physical, and Emotional Environment of the Home in the Context of Poverty: The Infant Health and Development Program

Long-term Poverty and Child Development in the United States: Results from the NLSY

Family Life and Teenage Pregnancy in the Inner-City: Experiences of African-American Youth

Extent and Consequences of Welfare Dependence Among America's Children

Poverty and the Income Package of Working Parents: The United States in Comparative Perspective

Single Mothers and Child Support: The Possibilities and Limits of Child Support Policy

Encouraging School Enrollment and Attendance Among Teenage Parents on Welfare: Early Impacts of Ohio's LEAP Program

Child Poverty, Public Policy and Welfare Reform

Antipoverty Effects of Public Income Transfers on Children

Child Poverty and Welfare Reform

Stability and Change: Initial Findings in a Study of Treatment Foster Care Placements

Assessment of Middle Class Youth At-risk to Dropout: School, Psychological and Family Correlates

Committal to Care in Context

Readiness For Independence: Comparison of Foster Care, Kinship Care, and Non-Foster Care Adolescents

Children in the Streets: Latin America's Lost Generation

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