MoS2/CdS/TiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized via one-step in situ solvothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron micrograph, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectra, Ultraviolet–Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and photocatalytic measurement. Enhanced visible light photoresponse, higher efficiency of charge carriers separation, and improved photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue were confirmed for MoS2/CdS/TiO2 nanocomposites. It was observed that the highest degradation ratio was achieved for MoS2/CdS/TiO2 nanoparticles (72%) prepared at 180 °C when exposed to visible light illumination for 160 min relative to CdS/TiO2 (59%) and TiO2 (29%). Furthermore, the improved photocatalytic performance of MoS2/CdS/TiO2 nanoparticles was also demonstrated by the degradation of colorless resorcinol under UV–vis light irradiation. This work demonstrates that synergetic effect of MoS2 and CdS in which it proves to be a good choice for improving the utilization of visible light of TiO2-based materials.