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It has been suggested that the locomotive needs of zoo animals are not always satisfied in captive conditions. However, these reasons for movement and locomotion differ among species. This study investigated the locomotive motivation of captive lions, which are regarded as having relatively low motivation to move compared to other zoo animals. Four Indian lions including 1 noncastrated male and 3...
Recent studies suggest that bears have relatively high cognitive capabilities. However, cognitive processes and problem-solving abilities remain relatively unexplored in bear species. We studied the capacity for 8 captive brown bears (Ursus arctos) to move and use inanimate objects to obtain a food reward. We recorded their behaviors during the problem-solving process using a behavioral ethogram....
Obedience in dogs may have implications for animal welfare and the dog-human relationship. This study used event and time-based lag sequential analyses to examine the quality of dogmanship in videos of humans training dogs on a public video sharing network. Lag sequential analysis was used to assess the responses that occur after a specific behavior for various periods (or lag periods). Dogmanship...
Animal-assisted interventions are associated with positive effects on human psychological and physiological health. Although quality standards in animal-assisted interventions appear to be high, only few investigations have focused on potential welfare implications in therapy dogs. In the present study, we monitored behavioral measures and heart rate in a therapy dog that participated in animal-assisted...
A visit to a veterinary clinic can be very stressful for the dog, and stress may interact with pain. The aim of this study was to observe the behavior of dogs in a veterinary clinic and to correlate it with subjective stress assessments by different persons. Systems have already been developed to assess pain in dogs. We tested the behavior of 105 dogs, sampled from 233 dog owners who completed our...
This article focuses on the validation of smart textile electrodes used to acquire electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in horses in a comfortable and robust manner. The performance of smart textile electrodes is compared with standard Ag/AgCl electrodes in terms of the percentage of motion artifacts (MAs, the noise that results from the movement of electrodes against the skin) and signal quality. Seven...
A 45-day study was conducted where the primary objective was to evaluate the effect of simultaneously imposed multiple stressors (thermal, nutritional, and walking) on the adaptive capability of Malpura rams based on changes in ingestive behavior, physiological, blood biochemical, and endocrine responses. Twenty adult Malpura rams (average body weight 44.9 kg) were used in the study. The rams were...
Dogs seem to use mirrors as problem-solving tools, but it is difficult for us to determine when dogs are able to recognize mirrors. Our aim was to examine dogs' behaviors to investigate how they recognize objects visible in mirrors. Ten pet dogs that had never undergone mirror exposure testing were recruited and categorized into 2 groups: a habituation group (HG) and nonhabituation group. The HG was...
This study aimed to investigate the effects of large furnished cages (LFCs) or small furnished cages (SFCs) on behavior and tibia bone of laying hens. Three hundred and sixty Hyline brown hens at 16 weeks of age were allocated into 3 treatments with 6 replicates: LFCs, SFCs, and conventional cages (CCs). The experiment was started at 18 weeks of age and finished at 34 weeks of age. The behaviors of...
It has been known that selective breeding of animals for behavior associated with domestication changes a variety of physiological traits including response to stress and hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical system activity. The aim of our research was to find association between behavioral type and differential leukocyte counts as an indicator of homeostasis activity. We used farm-raised 5-month-old...
Empathy plays an important role in interpersonal relationships, and it also shapes the relationship between human and nonhuman species, affecting the way animals are treated and cared for. Veterinarians play a key role with regard to animal welfare and, especially in companion animal practice, they have to care for nonhuman patients as well as for human clients, showing sensitivity and empathy toward...
In equestrian sports, many riders and trainers prefer either male or female horses because of the sex-specific characteristics. Many sex-related differences do not depend on gonadal activity but are suggested to be established much earlier in life. Readiness for birth depends on timely maturation of the fetus which is necessary to adapt to the challenges of extrauterine life. We hypothesized that...
Horse control is regularly achieved through the application of pressure by a bit against tissue surfaces in the horse's mouth. The precise method of action of the bit in the mouth is still poorly understood. In an assessment of damage and changes seen on the surfaces of bits used in horse control, 5 independent assessors scored 60 photographic images of 15 bits on the most common signs of wear. Each...
Studying the signaling of domestic dogs is crucial to have a better understanding of this species. The aim of this study was to scientifically assess if the behaviors called calming signals have a communicative and a calming function (i.e., de-escalating the aggressive display in the other dog). Twenty-four dogs, 12 females and 12 males, acted as senders; they were observed for the display of the...
This study investigates the mechanisms by which 2 forms of restraint (lip twitch and ear twitch) subdue horses. Prior research suggests that the lip twitch subdues horses through an analgesic effect; the mechanism of the ear twitch is unknown. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured to determine autonomic nervous system activity before and during application of the twitches,...
EC Regulation 1099/2009, On the Protection of Animals at Killing Regulations (PATOK), requires the severance of “the 2 carotid arteries” to ensure each animal dies rapidly (Annex 3, 3.2.). This requirement applies to stunned, nonstunned, manual, and automated methods of killing. I observed the severance of carotid arteries in nonstunned, religious slaughter in a study of 250 nonstunned chickens. The...
Variation in the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene has been linked to dog social behavior in some studies, whereas others have failed to replicate this relationship (in dogs and other species). Ratings of observed behavior are often used to assess personality; however, owner-based behavior and personality assessments have been shown to be comparably consistent. The relationship between OXTR gene variation...
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