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Recent evidence suggests that the attachment (HN) and fusion (F) glycoproteins of Newcastle disease virus interact at the cell surface in a virus-specific manner to promote syncytium formation. Consistent with the existence of such an interaction, we have shown that it is possible to coimmunoprecipitate (co-IP) the two proteins from the surface of transiently expressing cells using a monoclonal antibody...
Defective vaccinia viruses were constructed that express functional Moloney murine leukemia virus-based vector genomes, giving rise to substantial titers of transduction-competent retrovirus particles after infection of a retroviral packaging cell line. For this purpose, the proviral retrovirus genome, engineered into the vaccinia virus mutant, was subjected to several modifications, including the...
Autographa californicamulticapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) encodes a 143-kDa protein (P143) required for viral DNA synthesis and involved in host range determination. The predicted amino acid sequence of P143 contains seven motifs (I, Ia, II–VI) shared with a superfamily of helicases involved in the unwinding of duplex nucleic acids; a putative DNA binding motif; a putative nuclear localization...
Measles virus (MV)-infected monocytes may have a central role in virus-induced immunosuppression. Our understanding of MV replication in monocytic cells is, however, incomplete. In this work we have investigated MV replication in cells of human myelomonocytic lineage with different maturation stages in order to study the effect of cellular maturation on virus infection. MV was able to infect human...
Dengue is a major public health problem worldwide. It is caused by four dengue virus serotypes, each further divided into distinct genetic subtypes. Strain typing is important for understanding the epidemiology and viral factors associated with disease transmission. However, most of the existing subtyping methods are expensive and technically unwieldy for timely, practical applications in developing...
Ultrastructural examinations of ovine and caprine tissue culture cell lines infected with a molecular sheep lentivirus clone KV72 revealed typical cytoplasmic A type retrovirus particles and budding particles from plasma cell membrane. Blood examinations of a heavily caprine arthritis encephalitis virus-afflicted herd revealed that three goats, which on previous blood examinations had showed a high...
The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) gene is required for efficient spontaneous reactivation in the rabbit ocular model. We recently showed that insertion of 1.8 kb of the LAT promoter and the first 1.5 kb of the 8.3-kb primary LAT transcript into a novel, ectopic location in the virus unique long (UL) region restored wild-type spontaneous reactivation to a LAT-null...
It has been demonstrated that intravirion reverse transcription in human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) occurs in the presence of physiological substances and that the intravirion HIV-1 reverse transcripts are important for the establishment of infection in nondividing cells. In this report, we demonstrate that the infectivity of the virus produced from replicating peripheral blood lymphocytes...
Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) and GP64 of the baculovirusAutographa californicamulticapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus induce strikingly different initial fusion pores when mediating fusion between host cells that express these fusion proteins and target cells (Plonsky and Zimmerberg, 1996; Spruceet al.,1989, 1991; Zimmerberget al.,1994). However, in these experiments, variations in host and target...
Herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase (HSV pol) holoenzyme consists of a large catalytic (UL30 gene product) and a small auxiliary subunit (UL42 gene product). The DNA binding of HSV pol, its cofactor, and the assembled holoenzyme complex was studied by bandshift analysis using purified proteins expressed via recombinant baculovirus. The functional activity of the recombinant UL42, purified by phenyl-Sepharose...
The genome of theLymantria disparmultinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) was sequenced and analyzed. It is composed of 161,046 bases with a G + C content of 57.5% and contains 163 putative open reading frames (ORFs) of ≥150 nucleotides. Homologs were found to 95 of the 155 genes predicted for theAutographa californicaMNPV (AcMNPV) genome. More than 9% of the LdMNPV genome was occupied by 16...
Mutational analysis has been used to investigatecis-acting sequences in the 3′- and 5′-untranslated regions of red clover necrotic mosaic virus RNA2 required for replication in the presence of wild-type RNA1. Deletion of a sequence near the 3′ end of RNA2, which is potentially capable of forming a stable stem-loop structure, abolished the ability of RNA2 to replicate inNicotiana clevelandiiprotoplasts,...
Recombinant RNA-dependent RNA polymerases have been reported to synthesize RNAs by extending from the 3′ hydroxyl of a template or an oligonucleotide primer.De novoinitiation has not been reported. Establishment of such an assay would facilitate the analysis of the initiation requirements and allow the testing of antiviral compounds specifically targeting initiation. Using chemically synthesized RNAs...
RNA analysis by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Northern blot hybridization of avocado chloroplasts purified from protoplasts of leaves infected by avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) revealed the main ASBVd-specific bands found previously in preparations of total leaf RNA: the monomeric, dimeric and subgenomic RNAs, and two bands, x and y. After RNase treatment in high ionic strength,...
A 3′ translation enhancer (3′TE) sequence that facilitates cap-independent translation is located near the 3′ end of barley yellow dwarf luteovirus RNA. Here, we show that the 3′TE is required for translation of the viral genome and thus for viral replication. Antisense inhibition showed that the 3′TE has significant secondary structure and is required for translation of virion RNA from infected plants...
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) multiplication is totally blocked by incubation of infected cells at 41°. This inhibition does not take place with a thermoresistant strain of FIV, designated m41, indicating the role played by the viral genome in temperature sensitivity. We have investigated the steps in the life cycle of wild-type FIV that are thermosensitive and found that they depend on the...
A novel parvovirus was identified in Manchurian chipmunks inhabiting Korea. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in sera from 4 animals among 62 apparently healthy chipmunks. Electron microscopic examination of the HBsAg-positive sera revealed virus-like spherical particles 20–22 nm in diameter. Extraction of nucleic acid under annealing conditions from the serum samples containing virus-like...
A polyclonal CD3 + , CD8 + T-cell line, G2, was derived from the peripheral blood of a seropositive, PCR-positive, HTLV-IIB infected Guahibo Indian from Venezuela. The cell line is productively infected with HTLV-IIB. The entire HTLV-II G2 proviral DNA was sequenced via PCR using overlapping HTLV-II primer pairs. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that HTLV-II G2 is the most divergent...
Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) is a plant pararetrovirus and a member of the Caulimoviridae family and closely related to viruses in theBadnavirusgenus. The coat protein of RTBV is part of the large polyprotein encoded by open reading frame 3 (ORF3). ORF3 of an RTBV isolate from Malaysia was sequenced (accession no. AF076470) and compared with published sequences for the region that encodes...
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