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Human interleukin 3 receptor (IL-3R) is constitutively expressed on committed haematopoietic stem cells, where it mediates proliferation and differentiation. This receptor is also expressed by monocytes and may induce functional activation. Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-13, and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) have different effects on human monocytes. As IL-3R may be regulated by different cytokines,...
An imbalance between the Th1 and Th2 arms of the cellular immune system has been reported in several autoimmune diseases but not in chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). Peak, total secretion and secretory pattern of the Th1 cytokines (IFNγ and IL-2) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) were determined in resting and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from nineteen CIU patients, six...
The extract from Ascaris suum worms (Asc) impairs Th1 and Th2 responses to a non-related antigen, i.e. ovalbumin (OVA). Its suppressive capacity is due to high molecular weight components present in a gel filtration fraction (PI). This fraction is able to elicit IL-4 and IL-10 secretion. Interestingly enough, it induces anti-PI non-anaphylactic IgG1 synthesis through the action of IL-12/IFN-γ. Here,...
The T cell cytokines profoundly modify the phenotypic and functional characteristics of keratinocytes. Until now, no study has focused on the effect of Th1 and Th2 cytokines on keratinocyte permeability. Using a two-layer well culturing system, permeability was assessed through cultured keratinocyte sheet in the presence or absence of various concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-4. Transepithelial electrical...
Interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 are multifunctional regulatory proteins, which participate both in haemopoiesis and in immunopoiesis. The alternative splicing of these interleukins in humans is known to proceed in a tissue-specific manner. Additionally, changes in splicing can also be dependent on tissue pathology.In this work, we report on the presence of alternatively spliced mRNA (IL-4δ2mRNA),...
We investigated the effects of the Th 2 -like cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 and of IL-10 on the induction of iNOS and NO production in rat eosinophils. Addition of mIL-4 to the eosinophil culture increased iNOS activity and nitrite production but did not improve the stimulatory effect of IFN-γ and LPS. In contrast to eosinophils, addition of mIL-4 to macrophage cultures inhibited the iNOS expression...
Although routinely used in clinical practice, skin prick tests and serum specific IgE often fail to distinguish between IgE-sensitization and symptomatic IgE-mediated allergy. There is therefore a need for new laboratory tests relating allergic symptoms to the offending agent. In this way, we evaluated the diagnostic reliability of a new whole blood quantitative real-time PCR assay for IL-4 and IL-13...
A large body of evidence supports the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, how the peripheral T-cells phenotypes are associated with factors such as the disability score, the effects of immunomodulatory treatments, or the activation period is poorly understood. In this study, we have centered our attention on the presence of IFN-γ and IL-4...
Cytokines which are produced by host cells play an important role in pathogenesis both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and chronic periodontitis (CP). In this study, we aim to investigate the levels of Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Seventeen patients with CP, 17 patients with RA and 17 healthy controls (HC) were included. The RA group was divided into two groups according...
In association with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), anti-inflammatory response syndrome is commonly manifested in patients with trauma, burn injury, and after major surgery. These patients are increasingly susceptible to infection with various pathogens due to the excessive release of anti-inflammatory cytokines from anti-inflammatory effector cells. Recently, CC-chemokine ligand...
IL-4-induced Stat6 signaling is active in a variety of cell types, including immune cells and cancer cells, and plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Using EMSA gel shift assay and an antibody to Stat6, we phenotyped two breast cancer cell lines, ZR-75-1 being active Stat6 high phenotype and BT-20 being defective Stat6 null phenotype, respectively. Breast cancer...
Appropriate control of infection depends on the generation of lymphocytes armed with a particular array of cytokine and chemokine effector molecules. The differentiation of naïve T cells into functionally distinct effector subsets is regulated by signals from the T cell receptor (TCR) and cytokine receptors. Using gene knock-out approaches, the initiation of discrete effector programs appears differentially...
Objective: To investigate differences in cytokine production between influenza A and B. Materials and methods: thirty one patients with influenza A and 16 with influenza B were enrolled in this study. We measured soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR) 1, interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-4 concentrations in serum obtained from all patients during the acute and convalescence phases...
APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand) is primarily expressed by macrophages and dendritic cells, and has profound effects on B cell physiology. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-4 in APRIL expression by mouse macrophages and the signaling mechanism involved. IL-4 markedly enhanced APRIL expression in mouse macrophages at the transcriptional and protein level. The p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580...
GM-CSF has been showed to be able to induce up-regulated receptor and cytokine expression in mast cells in inflammatory conditions. However, little is known of its effects on protease activated receptor (PAR) expression and Th2 cytokine secretion from mast cells. In the present study, we examined potential influence of GM-CSF on mast cell PAR expression and IL-4 and IL-10 release by using flow cytometry...
The present study is designed to investigate the effects of interleukin-4 (IL-4) on expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as to examine the role of distinct sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this process. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that IL-4 significantly up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression...
The ailment osteoarthritis (OA) has two aspects – inflammation and cartilage degradation – where combined transgene expression may offer an effective gene therapy. Our present study focuses on the co-expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and insulin-like-growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which specifically target inflammation and cartilage repair, respectively. In this study, we analyze the expression of IGF-1...
To evaluate the direct effects of Cyperi Rhizoma (CR), a plant water extract, on Th1/Th2 lineage development in vitro, this study was conducted. Sorted CD4 + T cells obtained from the splenocytes of BALB/c mice were activated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 and then cultured in medium that contained CR medium under Th1 inducing or Th2 inducing conditions. Subsequently, IFN-γ or IL-4 secreting cells...
Muscle fibers are formed during embryonic development by the fusion of mononucleated myoblasts. The spatial structure and molecular composition of the sarcolemma are crucial for the myoblast recognition and fusion steps. Cyclodextrins are a group of substances that have the ability to solubilize lipids through the formation of molecular inclusion complexes. Previously, we have shown that methyl-β-cyclodextrin...
Mast cells have classically been implicated in the triggering of allergic and anaphylactic reactions. However, recent findings have elucidated the ability of these cells to selectively release a variety of cytokines leading to bacterial clearance through neutrophil and dendritic cell mobilization, and suggest an important role in innate host defenses. Our laboratory has established a primary bone...
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