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Understanding the whole process of dendritic cell (DC) activation might help in the development of more efficient immunotherapeutic strategies for tumor patients. Part of this process is cytokine secretion, which has important effects on innate and adaptive immune response. Here, we cultured circulating monocytes for five days with interleukin-4 and GM-CSF followed by two-day culture with or without...
The activation of STAT1 and STAT3 in response to SEB was analyzed in spleen of Balb/c mice. The intraperitoneal injection of the superantigen SEB activated STAT1 and STAT3 in spleen. Activated STAT1 almost completely disappeared in 24 h even though activated STAT3 was present for more than 48 h after SEB injection. Cyclosporine A was able to block the initial STAT1 activation, but STAT3 activation...
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) play an important role in the modulation of acute and chronic airway inflammation. Both IFN-γ and IL-1 are known to increase the release of arachidonic acid (AA) from airway epithelial cells, suggesting that AA metabolites may mediate the cytokine-induced inflammation. This study was designed to examine the direct effect of IFN-γ and IL-α on the phosphorylation...
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is an important immunoregulatory cytokine involved in septic responses during bacterial infection. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of TNF-α on the transport of d-fructose across rabbit jejunum. A sepsis condition was evoked by intravenous administration of this cytokine and hematological and plasma parameters were analyzed and body temperature was recorded...
We have previously demonstrated that oral administration of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) markedly inhibits lung metastatic colony formation, and that this inhibition was possibly due to the activation of T and NK cells. Furthermore, we found that interleukin-18 (IL-18) is induced in epithelial cells of the small intestine by bLF. The present study was undertaken to confirm cytokine production in response...
Thrombopoietin (TPO) plays a pivotal role in megakaryopoiesis. TPO initiates its biological effects by binding to its receptor Mpl. A recombinant protein consisting of a carrier Fc domain linked to multiple Mpl-binding domains was constructed, and is called AMG531. To define the biological activity of AMG531, we examined the ability of AMG531 to support CFU-Meg growth and to promote megakaryocyte...
Wound healing is a process with immunological and angiogenic aspects. rhGM-CSF is known to stimulate the immune system and angiogenesis via multiple pathways. In this study we investigated the combined effects of surgery, with or without rhGM-CSF, on angiogenic parameters in patients with a colorectal carcinoma. In this phase II randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 16 patients were assigned to perioperative...
Hormones can exert significant protective effects on autoimmune diseases by activating immunoregulatory mechanisms. One of the possible mechanisms of hormonal protection might be through the anti-inflammatory effects of the TGF-beta molecule. The present study investigated the changes in expression of two TGF-beta isoforms, TGF-β1 and TGF-β3, in C57BL/6 and TCR transgenic (T/R+) B10.PL mice that manifested...
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) activates STAT6 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes but its functional role is not known. In this report, we first assessed interleukin-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) expression during adipogenesis. IL-4Rα was highly expressed in proliferating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Receptor expression was down-regulated in post-confluent growth arrested preadipocytes. Induction of differentiation led to a transient...
We investigated the time-course release of IL-1β and IL-8 protein as well as the steady state mRNA level of their genes in human whole blood after stimulation with LPS, β-1,3-d-glucan and mould extracts. We compared the response of 10 non-atopic and 10 atopic individuals. In parallel, cytokine protein release and the corresponding steady state mRNA level was determined by the standard ELISA and real-time...
We studied the effects of pretreatment with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mice received G-CSF or control saline once a day for 7 days or once at 1 h before the injection of LPS. Cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or antibody-based electrochemiluminescence assay and...
Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) is reported to exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects on the chronic activation of endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro by cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). However, the effects of TGF-β1 on acute inflammatory responses of ECs in vitro (e.g. to thrombin) have not been characterised. Pretreatment with TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) effectively inhibited...
M1 mouse leukemia cells differentiate to macrophages/monocytes by the stimulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6)/leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). To identify new LIF-induced genes, we have performed representational difference analysis using M1 cells and cloned mouse interleukin-3 (IL-3) receptor β subunit gene. The mRNA expression of both IL-3 receptor (IL-3R) α and β subunits is upregulated after 1 h...
Studies have shown that 17β-estradiol has salutary effects on immune functions after trauma-hemorrhage (TH). It remains unknown, however, whether 17β-estradiol has a similar effect in a double-hit model of TH and subsequent sepsis. It is also unknown if under those conditions the circulating immune cells accurately represent immunological responses occurring in fixed tissues, such as the spleen. To...
Mice homozygous for the spontaneous motor neuron degeneration mutation (mnd) show at the age of 8 months a marked impairment of the motor function and accumulation of lipofuscin granules in the cytoplasm of almost all neurons of the central nervous system.We previously reported a significant increase in GFAP protein levels in the lumbar spinal cord homogenates by western blot analysis and upregulation...
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