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Some modern metal-on-metal bearings have undergone early failure and have exhibited a different microstructure from early hip replacement systems that produced very long lifetimes. This has led to investigations as to why different microstructural conditions, from ostensibly the same alloy chemistry, have had differing levels of survival. This paper is concerned with the effect of thermal treatment...
The ball cratering test was used to study the abrasive wear resistance of a wide variety of coatings against TiO 2 particles. The rutile TiO 2 , used as white pigment, causes mild abrasive wear in mixers, dyes, injection moulds and other components in the paint and plastic processing. The tests yield a clear ranking of the coatings. The abrasive wear due to the rutile particles is...
In tribology, many surface contact models are based on the assumption that surfaces are composed of a collection of small asperities of which the tips are equally sized and spherically shaped and have some kind of statistical height distribution. This approach was used in 1966 by Greenwood and Williamson and was successfully followed by many researchers during the following decades. The statistical...
Polyphase boride coatings constituted by an inner layer of Fe 2 B and an outer layer of FeB were thermochemically grown on iron and medium carbon steel by a pack cementation process. The tribological behaviour of borided samples was investigated under both sliding and abrasion testing conditions. Considerably different values of wear rate were found in different regions of the coatings. The...
This study demonstrates the application of the ring-on-ring test to investigate some of the important factors affecting the abrasive wear of rolling undercarriage components in track-type machines. The test involves the rolling contact between two steel rings and the systematic delivery of sand-sized third-body particles into the contact interface to induce abrasive wear. The wear factors addressed...
Basic requirements of any agricultural implements are the desired combination of hardness and wear resistance properties. Heat treatment plays an important role in order to achieve these mechanical properties. Conventionally high carbon (~0.70C) steel hardened by oil quenching (38-45HRC) is being used but in desert areas and places having black soil higher hardness (45-52HRC) is required. So for these...
An attempt has been made to study the two body abrasive wear behavior of LM13 alloy and LM13-15wt.% SiC composite, in cast and heat-treated conditions, as a function of applied load. The wear constant (K) was calculated based on the wear rate data, which signifies the probability of formation of wear particles during abrasive wear process. It was observed that the wear constant decreases with load...
Alloys of the FeMnAlC system have been primarily developed as possible alternatives to stainless steels for structural applications in moderately aggressive environments. Such alloys, when solution treated, are non-magnetic and present an austenitic structure that can be modified by thermal treatments. In this way, different combinations of mechanical strength, fracture toughness and physical properties...
WC–Co coatings were deposited by HVOF spraying from two different feedstock powders, one with a conventionally sized WC grains and one with nanoscale WC grains. The powder feedstock with nanoscale WC grains was employed in the light of published research, which pointed to enhancements in wear resistance associated with nanoscale structures in WC–Co materials. The coatings were subsequently laser remelted...
In this work, the influence of the proportion of retained austenite in the abrasive wear resistance of a laser surface melted martensitic stainless tool steel is analysed. Samples of a 0.5wt.% C, 13wt.% Cr+Fe martensitic stainless tool steel were surface melted using a CW CO 2 laser. By changing the processing parameters, samples with proportions of retained austenite varying from 15 to 100%...
Glass-filled polymers are known to produce considerable wear on the screws and barrels of injection-moulding machines and several coatings and surface treatments have been used to combat this ranging from chromium plating to high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) WC/Co. However, quantification of the benefits of such coatings and treatments has proceeded on an ad hoc basis and there is little data available...
In the ‘free-ball’ version of the micro-scale abrasion or ball-cratering test the rotating ball rests against a tilted sample and a grooved drive shaft. Tests under nominally identical conditions with different apparatus commonly show small but significant differences in measured wear rate. An indirect method has been developed and demonstrated for continuous on-line measurement of the coefficient...
It is known that there are three different stages of wear rate as a function of the abrasive grit diameter. The first shows only a modest increase in wear rate when the grit diameter increases. Then, in the second stage as the grit diameter further increases, the wear rate rises rapidly. In the third stage, the wear rate becomes independent of the grit diameter or increases only slightly.The main...
A simple predictive model was developed for three-body abrasive wear of ductile metals assuming that mass loss resulted from repeated indentation from the corners and asperities of angular particles rolling across the surface of the wear specimen. The model assumed that material removal occurred through a ratcheting/fatigue mechanism at a rate given by a modified Coffin–Manson equation. The validity...
It is known that manganese steels respond well in situations where a high wear resistance is required.The manganese content provides an austenitic structure with both wear resistance and high tenacity values under wear. In its working life, this austenitic structure becomes martensitic as a result of impact and the phenomenon of friction, thus explaining an increase in hardness and its response under...
A model that describes the abrasive wear between a hard and rough surface and a softer and smooth surface is developed. The contact between these two solids is modelled based on micro-contacts [M.A. Masen, M.B. de Rooij, Abrasive wear between rough surfaces in deep drawing, in: Proceedings of the 6th Austrib Tribology Conference, Perth, Australia, 2002, pp. 601–608], instead of the more conventional...
Abrasive machining is one of the key technologies in gear manufacturing. Amongst abrasive finishing processes of hardened gears, operations characterised by cutting speeds as low as 0.3–5m/s have been becoming more and more important during the last 20 years. A lot of effort has been spent to increase the productivity of such low speed grinding processes. A part of this effort is the development of...
Metallic glasses are a different category of materials that are characterized by their amorphous structure and metallic bonds. Owing to their disordered structure, metallic glasses possess several unique properties that make them attractive for tribological applications. This paper deals with an in depth investigation into the two-body abrasive wear behaviour of several compositions of Fe, Co and...
Polycarbonate was chosen as a model material to study the influence of yield strength and toughness on the tribological behaviour of the polymer. Yield stress and toughness of polycarbonate were varied by controlled physical ageing or by mechanical or thermal rejuvenation. The yield stress ranged from about 40MPa for mechanically rejuvenated to 70MPa for annealed polycarbonate. The area under the...
In the present study, the abrasive wear characteristics of Al 2 O 3 /PA1010 composite coatings were tested on the turnplate abrasive wear testing machine. Steel 45 (quenched and low-temperature tempered) was used as a reference material. The experimental results showed that when the Al 2 O 3 particles have been treated with a silane coupling agent (γ-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane),...
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