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The macro- and microtribological properties of carbon nitride thin films deposited by high power impulse magnetron sputtering at different substrate bias voltages (Vb) were investigated. Vb of -100, -150, -200, and -300 V were used. A Hysitron Triboindenter TI950 and a reciprocating Tribotechnic tribometer with diamond counterparts were used in order to assess the tribological performance of the films...
In the oil sands industry a single ultra-class shovel tip can lose more than 35kg of steel mass in one operating day. Equipment downtime is significantly increased with frequent stoppages to replace worn shovel teeth. This leads to a substantial loss in shovel availability and utilization, as well as a considerable increase in consumable cost.This paper develops a means to predict the wear performance...
Honing is an industrial alternative of internal grinding for finishing large-diameter bores of internal combustion engine cylinders. This paper introduces a hybrid approach for a multi-scale analysis of surface finish in abrasive honing. The methodology is based on morphological identification of scratch pattern of manufactured surfaces, produced at various honing conditions, and their 2D continuous...
The response of tungsten carbide hardmetals with differing binder chemistries and carbide grain sizes to a traversing diamond indenter under load has been investigated in two principal regimes; single pass traverses and a multi-pass regime intended to simulate two-body abrasion experienced when the hardmetal is worn by a hard, high crushing strength abradant. The two-body regime is intended to simulate...
Abrasive wear at high temperatures (HT) is a serious issue that limits the lifetime of many industrial components, e.g. in steel production, the cement or the chemical industry. Various forms of abrasion like three-body abrasion, gouging, impact-abrasion or solid particle erosion degrade surfaces.In order to study abrasive wear behaviour, three different abrasion modes were investigated experimentally...
Scratch testing is an inexpensive technique used for determining the mechanical/wear properties of materials and coatings. In contrast to instrumented indentation, where quantitative relations have been established, only few studies are devoted to quantitatively understanding the material response during scratch testing. Most modelling approaches rely on the finite element method, which is particularly...
This research presents the systematic study of the effects of niobium and molybdenum in high chromium cast irons (HCCI). Four 18%Cr/2.7%C alloys were melted: a base alloy, an alloy containing 1% Mo (free-Nb), an alloy containing 1% Nb (free-Mo) and a fourth alloy containing 1% Nb and 1% Mo. In general, Nb and Mo additions slightly increased (~3% to 10%) the Vickers hardness and the microhardness of...
Modern abrasion resistant materials, such as cold work tool steels, consist of higher amounts of hard phases embedded in a softer metallic matrix. Hence, the wear behavior is controlled by the mechanical compound properties, which are dependent on the single phase properties (e.g. hard phase type and matrix condition), volume content, morphology, and distribution. For the development of materials...
The dry sand rubber wheel abrasion test (ASTM G 65) is probably the most widely used abrasion test. It has been used for decades with favorable results. However, this test was developed when tool steels and fusion hardfacings were the materials usually ranked with this low-stress sand abrasion test. Two major problems have emerged in the use of this test: 1. The abradant (silica sand) is not aggressive...
Aim of the work is to investigate the tribological behaviour of Cu based materials produced by mechanical milling (MM), mechanical alloying (MA) and finally sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). MM causes a significant strain hardening of Cu, while MA by 0.5wt%TiB2 adds a further dispersion hardening contribution. During dry sliding contact against high speed steel a close relation has been found...
This work shows the successful application of a novel Fe85Cr4Mo8V2C1 (wt%) laser cladding wire material on a high-performance tool steel (1.2379, X155CrMo12-1) using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser system. Due to the high cooling rates during the welding process and appropriate laser parameters, a fine, homogeneous microstructure composed of martensite, austenite as well as VC- and Mo2C-type carbides was formed...
Abrasive wear at high temperature (HT) applications is a serious issue in industry, limiting the lifetime of core components, e.g. in steel- or cement production. In literature abrasive wear is commonly linked to material's hardness, but it is known that microstructure and temperature show also major influence. Current studies also found wear protecting effects by the in-situ formation of mechanically...
Wear of materials at high temperatures (HT) is a very challenging issue, implying many different mechanisms. Individual wear phenomena occurring during abrasive contact at HT can be investigated by scratch testing. To study the influence of temperature and load on scratch behaviour a novel scratch test was utilised, allowing for scratch investigations up to 1000°C. Three materials for HT usage were...
The in-service cutting edge of a mining loader bucket was investigated and its wear behavior compared with samples tested in the laboratory to assess how well the wear testing methods correlate with the in-service conditions. The examined in-service cutting edge of a bucket made of a wear resistant steel had been run in an underground mine with quarry gravel. The wear behavior of the cutting edge...
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