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This study concerns the influence of urban area on vegetation and invertebrates inhabiting the Słupia River (northern Poland). Altogether, 10 plant communities and 37 macrozoobenthos taxa were determined during four seasonal samplings (October 2005, January, April and August 2006). In order to reveal how the city of Słupsk affects the vegetation and fauna, MRT (multivariate regression tree) models...
The paper reports on the effects and range of anthropogenic pressure exerted on forest communities of the Knyszyńska Forest. A comparison between the potential natural vegetation and real vegetation gives an idea on the degree of damage to forest communities, which has been classified in ecological modelling. Logical expressions have been applied in ecological modelling for spatial analyses of vegetation...
The European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) is endangered in many areas within its distribution range. Thus, protection programmes for the turtle populations are in place. However, the efficiency of some techniques (including a highly manipulative one - headstarting) is questionable. Elasticity analysis was conducted using the life history data gathered in central Poland during the period 1986 - 2002...
An experiment was performed in the Osokowy Staw oxbow lake (the Słupia River, northern Poland). The old riverbed was reconnected with the riverine system and periphyton communities on nylon artificial substrate were surveyed before and after engineering works. Then, ANN (Artificial Neural Network) architectures were designed and trained in order to create models of interactions between 18 macrozooperiphyton,...
Quantitative studies of winter avifauna (1999/2000) were conducted in three fragments of urban green areas in central Poland. Two observers independently controlled three plots six times, doing two subsequent counts (10 ha/1.5 hour) on the same day. All visits that were carried out in the same plot by the same observer during the same time of day were defined as a "survey". Differences between...
When searching for nature rules we encounter a fundamental difficulty: for technical reasons we are not able to investigate the whole Nature - we have to explore its sections i.e. empirical systems (structures). However, even then it might happen that the system is too complex and its comprehensive, direct investigation is impossible. In this case we can study the system by means of its abstract model...
Differences between 13 common reed (Phragmites australis) populations, growing in urban conditions within the town of Poznań (western Poland), are described by 8 morphological traits of panicles' variability and the frequency of peroxidase (dimeric and monomeric) allozymes. Values of morphological characters were processed statistically using agglomerative clustering by the closest neighbours (UPGMA)...
Mathematical models of classical theoretical ecology are state variable models. They use density of population as a state variable. Because such models posses equilibrium states and they are stable around them, classical theoretical ecology has been dominated by considerations about stability of ecological systems. Three factors observed in ecology in last decades had great influence on the gradual...
In order to improve environmental management and policy making based on the principles of sustainable development it is necessary to explore both ecological and economic dynamics interacting in human-dominated ecosystems. A way to perform such an integrated assessment is provided by the Emergy Synthesis method that allows to account for mass, energy and money flows supporting a given ecosystem. In...
Existing models of species abundance distributions (SADs) can be divided into those that are based on concepts of common limited niche space (niche apportionment models, neutral models) and those that invoke standard statistical distributions (e. g. log-series, lognormal). While the first type of models assumes that competitive interactions lead to observed SADs, the models of the second type appear...
Interaction networks are a tool to visualize and to study the relationships between interacting species across and within trophic levels. Recent research uncovered many properties of such networks that remained undetected in previous food web studies. These patterns could be related to evolutionary and ecological processes. The study of interaction networks promises therefore progress in the study...
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