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Erica mackayana occurs only in western Ireland and N Spain. In Ireland, where it spreads only by cuttings, it has a very disjunct and localised distribution. Erica tetralix, however, is very common and where Erica mackayana occurs, the hybrid E. x stuartii, is frequent, though never more than 1–2 km from Erica mackayana. The restricted distribution in Ireland of parent and hybrid raises questions...
Arctostaphylo-Dryasetum is a rare sub-type of Alpine and Boreal Heath which is known to occur only in Ireland on the limestone karst Burren, in County Clare. Relevés were taken across the Burren region and three groups were distinguished: Empetrum nigrum group; Erica cinerea group, Juniperus communis group. Altitude and soil conditions were found to be the main ecological factors responsible for the...
The paper presents the first species list of lichens and lichenicolous fungi found and identified in the artillery training area located near the city of Toruń. Lichenological studies were conducted in that area in 1998–2001 and 2009. A total of 100 taxa were identified, including 4 species of lichenicolous fungi, with particular emphasis on epigeic lichens – mainly from the genus Cladonia and Cetraria...
In a comparative research we investigated characteristics of soils situated on contrasting slope aspects (northern and southern) in two inland dune ecosystem types: 1. dunes overplanted with a pine production forest and 2. dunes deforested for military purposes, where for some decades natural succession has been the main driver for vegetation development. We found that afforested dune slopes were...
We provide a synthesis of evidence of the effects of burning and N deposition on the provision of regulating ecosystem services of Cantabrian heathlands (NW Spain). We quantified carbon sequestration in litter, above and belowground biomass, root and soil compartments in heathlands after burning and burning plus N fertilization.
One way to prevent the growing carbon dioxide amount in the atmosphere consists in afforestation of forest wastelands such as: heaths, peat bogs, swamps. Replacing such ecological systems by planting them with trees allows to increase the afforested area and, at the same time, to increase the accumulation of organic carbon in the plant biomass. The growing contribution of forest stands may lead to...
The active military training ground in SPA Colbitz-Letzlinger Heide is one of the largest heathlands in Germany and is of national importance for typical sand heath birds like the hoopoe (Upupa epops), nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus) and tawny pipit (Anthus campestris). The processes of mulching and burning are strategies to maintain areas. One aim of this current study is to reveal the influence...
The military domain of Houthalen is a shooting area and also a protected Natura 2000 site, with an alternation of dunes, fens and heathlands. Already years ago, it was determined that the groundwater table is lowered by digging deep canals. Intensive consultation and study work (ecohydrological modeling) has shown that recovery is possible, taking into account the military use. Specific attention...
The study deals with the occurrence of epigeic lichens on the study plots with a varying percentage of Calluna vulgaris (L.) in different forest development stages on the heathland Glinki near the southern boundary of Toruń. Five plots were established in the gradient of the increasing density of pine. A total of 17 lichen species were identified, typical of this type of habitats, mainly from the...
We evaluate the short-term effects of different N deposition loads on nutrient dynamic of soil microbial biomass in Cantabrian heathlands. A surplus of 10 kg N ha-1 yr-1 above N background deposition was required to increase soil microbial biomass N content in old Calluna heathlands, while a surplus of 20 kg N ha-1 yr-1 was required in young ones. The increase of atmospheric N deposition showed no...
In the mid-19th century, the sheep industry played a considerable part in sheep breeding in Pomerania. Livestock grazing took place on extensive heathlands developed as a result of land deforestation performed in the 17th and 18th century, as well as during and after the Napoleonic wars. The sheep industry and the related textile craft developed until the 1890s when the Prussian government began the...
The characteristics on the present wolf population of the Toruń Basin were presented in the paper. The subject was introduced in terms of main ecological issues on Canis lupus as well as current problems in man-wolf relations occurring in the region. Forests of the Toruń basin are populated by 25–30 resident wolves which actually live in five packs. For some last seasons the predators have reproduced...
Free-range grazing by large herbivores combined with one-time mowing of over-aged heathlands offers an excellent management tool to maintain and enhance biodiversity in degraded large scale, low productive, semi-open dry sandy grassland-heathland ecosystems. Grazing improves habitat quality, supports typical species communities and represses invasive species.
Climate change and consistently high nitrogen atmospheric deposition are causing changes in the ecology and physiognomy of heathland habitats which affect the ecosystem services that they provide. In this presentation we quantified how traditional management practices affect these services, but also how they could be adapted to the current conditions in order to maintain the features that visitors...
We studied changes in the relationship between soil nutrient content and plant species richness in Calluna heathlands after seven years of experimental burning (B) and nitrogen fertilization (NF). Our results indicate that both the treatments (B, NF, B+NF) and modification of several soil characteristics (total N, available Na, and C:N ratio) reflected in a significant increase in plant species richness.
A large-scale field experiment with different management options (free-range grazing, onetime cutting, additional disturbances and their interactions) was carried out in a continental, dry heathland. Within the framework of the experiment seed production and germination ability of over-aged Calluna individuals as well as specific safe site conditions were investigated to reveal restricting factors...
The study was performed to identify, delimit and evaluate the current status of Arctostaphylo-Callunetum R.Tx. et Prsg 1940 heaths, as well as to point out possible threats to these communities and means of their protection. The heaths are in Czerwony Bór (PLH 200018) in Podlaskie voivodeship, NE Poland, in the area included in the Natura 2000 network. The study was performed in 2008 with the use...
Based on materials gained in March 2015 from the Forest Data Bank the survey of some attributes (forest address including Regional Directorate of State Forest (RDSF), area in hectares, soil unit, forest site type, dominant species in a forest stand and age of the dominant species in a stand) of post-agricultural lands occurring in Polish State Forests was conducted in the paper. Distribution of post-agricultural...
Plant functioning is affected by drought, extreme temperatures, heavy metal pollution and other unfavorable environmental conditions. High intensity of stress factors can be lethal to sensitive organisms or significantly decrease their condition. Intensification of stress factors is observed especially in urban and industrial areas. During the vegetative season plants purify the air and soil, decrease...
In connection with the implementation of the National Programme for Forest Cover Growth in Poland, environmental preconditions, national, EU and international legal requirements as well as necessity of the implementation of green economy in the framework of adaptation to climate change and regarding implementation of sustainable development, increase of total forest cover is very beneficial. However,...
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