In his article the author reviews Cajetan’s different positions on the problem of the immortality of the human soul, and investigates possible reasons which led the Cardinal to dissent with the position of Thomas Aquinas. For this purpose, he invokes selected interpretations of distinguished scholars, with special reference to the approach of Étienne Gilson. Against the background of his analyses the authors attempts to give a synthesis which, as he hopes, can become a modest contribution to contemporary comments on the thought of this great French medievalist about the problem of the immortality of the human soul in Cajetan.