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The opposition 'ptosis orthe (eutheia) - ptoseis plagiai', which with time began to express the contrast between the nominative and the oblique cases (casus rectus -casus obliqui) in the grammatical tradition, first appeared in the Greek reflection on language most probably in the circle of the Stoic doctrine, where it was used to determine the meanings of nouns perceived from the point of view of...
Contrary to what the title of the paper implies, the author does not limit himself to the presentation of the current state of research on Phrygian, but also provides his own interpretations and evaluations in many places. The very extensive list of references attached will certainly prove to be useful to the reader interested in the subject analysed.
The paper presents a selected lexical material concerning urbonyms of the city of Eskisehir in Turkey. Examples of names of all the districts (77), selected communication highways (941) as well as commercial and service centres (775) are analysed. The work uses the material collected in the course of the authoress' fieldwork and from cartographic sources. In each of the three groups of urbonyms a...
The paper argues in favour of understanding a certain number of runic inscriptions carved on stones as culture-dependent instances of Scandinavian proto-books, for they fulfill precisely the same functions as contemporary books.
The present paper is devoted to the analysis of five arbitrarily selected Spanish etymological doublets in terms of their origin, i.e. the appearance of their constitutional elements in the language: of the learned word ('cultismo') and the popular word ('palabra popular'), and of the semantic changes that arise by comparing the meaning of the Latin etymon with the contemporary meaning of the lexemes...
The paper reviews the description of the pronunciation of Modern Icelandic as contained in Alexander J. Ellis' influential treatise on early English pronunciation. This description, first ever attempted in English, is shown to be remarkably accurate in recording phonetic detail even if the system of transcription devised by its author is, from today's perspective cumbersome and inefficient. The phonetic...
The Old (eighth cent.) and Classical (ninth-twelfth cent.) Japanese verbal noun, in contemporary Japan called 'ku goho' was formed by means of a word-final suffix which can be presented in the general shape of -((u)r)aku / ke(1)ku. Having a nominalising function, the morpheme transformed verbs and adjectives into action or state nouns of a wide spectrum of meanings: 'doing something / being something',...
The article aims to contribute a genre-based description of the realisation of Concession in EU judicial discourse. The analysis has been carried out on a corpus of judgments issued by the EU court of last instance, i.e. the European Court of Justice with the intention to identify the patterns and markers of Concession in judicial argumentation. In the analysis the authoress used the concept of Concession...
The aim of the paper is to analyse the phenomenon of the allomorphism of the Italian indefinite pronoun 'nessun' and its lack in its French equivalent 'aucun'. Whereas the former appears in the variant forms 'nessun / nessuno', the latter remains unchanged irrespective of the syntactic function it performs. Having analysed the phonological hypothesis, the author attempts to demonstrate that the alternation...
In the present paper the author analyses propositions functioning in linguistics from the point of view of the criteria of truth imposed on the propositions within the so-called correspondence theory of truth, coherence theory of truth, and pragmatic theory of truth in its sociological version. There exists in linguistic circulation a certain group of propositions which on some assumptions are in...
In the sixth volume of the Karaim journal 'Karaj Awazy' Aleksander Mardkowicz (1875-1944) prepared a six page long article containing reminiscences of the loft in 'kenesa' in Luck (Mardkowicz 1933b) and a transcription of seven letters found there (Mardkowicz 1933a). Detailed comparison of five of those manuscripts with their transcriptions (we do not know what happened to the remaining two manuscripts)...
Out of the two forms of genitive plural of the Ukrainian noun 'stattya' (article), namely 'stattej' and 'statej', the former has been assumed to be purely Ukrainian, whereas the latter a Russified one. The paper attempts to demonstrate that the relationship is not necessarily as simple, moreover, that such an interpretation does not altogether answer the question of why only the form of genitive plural,...
Although African territories constituted, for instance in the 19th c., nearly a half of the Ottoman empire, little attention has been paid to the Ottoman Turkic and other Turkic influences (e.g. the Mamluk-Kipchak ones) in that particular region, and if any, then rather their influence on the Arabic dialects and rarely on Swahili. Yet, it appears to be a very rewarding area of study, as is for instance...
Numerous Tukic words with only partially coinciding meanings (cf. the title and the first paragraph of the article) are traced back to very similar or even identical Proto-Turkic stems in ESTJa, and for most of the stems two or even three phonetic variants are suggested. In this article an attempt at finding possibly clear reconstructs is made.
The main goal of this paper is to show that the proposed relationship between Turkishkayik 'boat' and Eskimo qayaq 'kayak' is far-fetched. After a philological analysis of the available materials, it will be proven that the oldest attestation and recoverable stages of these words are kay-guk (11th c.) < Proto-Turkic */kad-/ in */kad-i/ 'fir tree' and */qan-yaq/ (see Greenlandic pl. form kainet,...
The paper presents the history of the friendship between Jan Baudouin de Courtenay and his disciple Henryk Ulaszyn, a linguist and a professor in three Polish universities, which lasted almost from the time they first met in Cracow in 1898 until Baudouin's death. Baudouin not only became an academic guide to Ulaszyn, but was also the man who shaped his worldview and ethical principles. Baudouin, in...
The present paper concerns the status of the literary variety of the Czech language (the so called 'spisovná cestina') with the system of the Czech language, with a particular focus on spoken language and literature. As a result of the constant eradication of Czech literary language ('spisovna cestina') from the spoken language of Czech users, the process of its becoming stylistically marked has been...
The paper is devoted to the concept of tropological space, introduced by Michel Foucault in 1966 and alluded to in Hayden White's tropics of discourse (1973, 1978, 2000), but never described in any detail in literary semantics or linguistic stylistics. The author presents her theory of a triple functional subdivision of stylistic figures and, consequently, of tropes (micro-, macro- and mega (meta)-level...
This article - based on a larger study (Pawelec 2009) - has two aims. The more limited one is to present network models proposed by Ronald Langacker and George Lakoff. I try to show that both ventures rest on manifestly different assumptions, contrary to the widespread view that they are convergent or complementary. Langacker's declared aim is 'descriptive adequacy': his model serves as a global representation...
Some Turkish verbs, besides their basic function, have an auxiliary function, forming compound verbs with nominal forms. This function is known not only in modern Turkish but also in Ottoman-Turkish. The purpose of this paper is to present the verbs 'etmek', 'olmak', 'eylemek', 'kilmak' as examples of this function. The lexical material excerpted from Giovanni Molino's seventeenth-century Italian-Turkish...
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