In the first part of this paper the author deals with the development of the term „folk“ in modern Czech national society and in connection with the contents of this term also the meaning which was ascribed to the folk and their creation and production in various times and under social system. Further, she will try to capture the interconnection between the term folk and the nation and the role which was projected into so-called folk creation and production during the formation of national and state identity. In the second part the author analyses the importance of folk creation and production as instruments of propaganda in the post-war society of the Czech lands. At the same time she shows that the political concept of folk, varying over time, correlated with the importance attributed to the folk creation and production. It followed from the analysis that the term folk, in the course of historic development, changed or broadened. The change was understandably not a purely terminological mater. The concept based on linguistic characteristics of the nation among Czech revivalists counted on the Czech-speaking village population. The ideology of the democratic First Republic tied the term folk closely to the idea of citizenship. After the Second World War folk creation was again connected with village life.