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The article suggests that other traditions, such as oral ones, could have existed and been observed by priests in connection with the ancient Egyptian texts for reaching the netherworld (with a focus on the Coffin Texts). Based on some spells it would appear that these texts could have been studied, taught and applied both on the earth and in the underworld. They could have served as an abridged version...
The Egyptological collection of Hrdlicka’s Museum of Man, part of the Faculty of Science at Charles University in Prague, contains in addition to some ancient Egyptian artefacts mainly anthropological material, skeletal and mummified human remains. The anthropological material comes from ancient Egyptian sites – Deir el Medineh, el-Lisht, Kharga and Bahariya Oasis – and dates from the Middle Kingdom...
The text follows a previous article, published in this journal under the title “The rhetoric of power of the rulers of the New Kingdom in the first half of the 18th Dynasty”. The main aim is to conclude the topic and provide an outline for the second half of the 18th Dynasty (about 1400–1300 BC) which represents the peak of the ancient Egyptian foreign policy and particularly diplomacy as one of its...
Exploration of the tomb complex of king's daughter Sheretnebty, which was discovered in 2012, continued in the archaeological season 2013. In October–November, the work concentrated on the underground parts of the tombs, including the burial shafts and burial chambers. In tomb AS 68c, two shafts reached unusually deep; at a depth of 11 m under the ground the burial chambers of a man and a woman were...
Atum was one of the most important deities of the Egyptian centre of the sun cult, Heliopolis. He was venerated as the primeval god who created the world, gods and humans there. He is (so far) attested from the Old Kingdom onwards, and during the long period of Egyptian history he had acquired more and more roles, attributes and epithets. The number of sacred animals connected with him increased,...
Zájemci o starý Egypt a archeologické výzkumy v Egyptě a Súdánu se často ptají, jak dlouho trvá učinit archeo - logický „objev“. Tento článek se bude zabývat jedním z takových „objevů“, a to hrobkou lékaře a kněze Šep - seskafancha. Rok 2013 byl v mnoha ohledech přímým pokračováním archeologických aktivit v jižním Abúsíru z roku 2012. Archeologické práce se soustředily i nadále na komplex kněze Neferinpua...
František Lexa’s travel journal, his correspondence with his family, colleagues, and various institutions, and other archival documents studied in several archives in the Czech Republic are used in this study to reconstruct the preparation, course, and results of Lexa’s study trip to Egypt undertaken in 1930–1931, and thus to learn about the first encounter of one of the leading Czechoslovak orientalist...
Z období vlády Amenhotepa III. (1387–1348 př. n. l.)1 se dochovalo velké množství stavebních památek. Takzvaný egejský seznam, který byl nalezen v Amenhotepově zádušním chrámu na západním břehu Nilu v Thébách na lokalitě Kóm el-Hittán, jíž dodnes vévodí vstupní kolosální sochy panovníka – Memnonovy kolosy (obr. 2), stále podněcuje badatele k množství interpretací. Otázkou zůstává, nakolik může samotný...
V priebehu druhej polovice februára 2014 sa v úzkej spolupráci s inšpektorátom v Bawiti uskutočnila krátka študijná sezóna,1 ktorá bola zameraná na podrobné spracovanie nálezov pochádzajúcich z predošlých archeologických sezón realizovaných Českým egyptologickým ústavom na lokalite Bír Šovíš (Bárta et al. 2003: 11–16; 2004: 23–28; 2009; Musil et al. 2013: 5–58; Dospěl – Suková 2013).
One of the long-standing problems of Egyptology, due to the shortage of original evidence, is the interpretation of the decoration programme of the Old Kingdom pyramid complexes and, consequently, the meaning of individual rooms of these monuments. However, the extant remains of the decoration of the columned court of Sahure’s mortuary temple represent a rare exception which makes such an interpretation...
During the spring season of 2014 in Abusir, the Czech mission focused on further archaeological exploration of the tomb complex of Nefer, dating to the second half of the Fifth Dynasty. Working inside his rock-cut chapel, two more shafts (out of four) were explored. Shaft 1, located in the southernmost part of the room, belonged to Nefer himself. The shaft opening corresponds with the principal false...
In the autumn season of 2013, the shafts of some of the rock-cut tombs situated south and south-east of the pillared court of princess Sheretnebty were excavated. This article concentrates on the ceramic finds from the shafts and burial chambers of only the main ones, namely two shafts in the tomb of Duaptah (AS 68a) and two southern shafts in the presumed tomb of princess Sheretnebty (AS 68c). The...
During the autumn excavation season of 2013, archaeological work in the tomb complex of princess Sheretnebty (AS 68) continued. A false door was found in the filling of shaft 8 in Sheretnebty’s courtyard. The limestone stela (75 × 49 × 11 cm) belonged to a certain Hetepuni, a hemnetjer- priest of Khentytjenenet, wab-priest of the two hundred of the pyramid Men-nefer-Meryre (Pepi I), great wab-priest...
Several thousands of fish remains were excavated by the mission of the Czech Institute of Egyptology (Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague) at Jebel Sabaloka (West Bank) in 2011–2012. The fish bones came from two sites: 1) Fox Hill (Mesolithic and Neolithic), 2) Sphinx (Mesolithic), and were obtained by both standard excavation and sieving. Altogether, fourteen fish families were determined...
Laser scanning, one of the non-contact methods of aerial data collection, has recently been introduced to the field of archaeological documentation. Its advantages are, above all, speed, accuracy and the volume of acquired data – so called point clouds. The scanners can perform documentation of hardly accessible or dangerous places on site where traditional methods fail. The disadvantages of point...
The present article is a contribution to a long lasting debate concerning granaries and more precisely the large rectangular granaries from the Middle Kingdom era. Its four main aims are as follows: presenting the large rectangular granaries in a broader context of other storage facilities and drawing attention to their specificity; secondly, the article questions the possibility of estimating a settlement...
Canopic jars represent one of the sources of evidence of the early stages of the mummification process. However, most of the jars have been found empty without any traces of the original contents. Only several instances of wrapped packages have been discovered either inside the jars or within the heap of their fragments. As they appeared only in the Memphite area tombs, it seems that the presence...
The excavations of the Czech Institute of Egyptology at the temple at Usli (Bárta et al. 2013b) have brought to light several bronze fragments (Figs. 1–2), which have been found in a secondary position among the blocks of the stone floor of the temple. Fragments Aand B were examined following archaeological documentation by means of ametallographic section and analysed by SEM–EDS. Fragment A has been...
The study season of the Czech Institute of Egyptology and the Institute for Classical Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, was undertaken in the winter from February 17–25, 2014. Owing to close co-operation with the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities and thanks to the Bawiti museum officials all of the material of the Czech mission in El-Hayz, excavated during several previous...
In 2011, the expedition of the Czech Institute of Egyptology (Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague) excavated one of three tumuli on one of the settlement terraces at the late prehistoric site of Fox Hill (SBK.W-21) at Jebel Sabaloka and the Sixth Nile Cataract in central Sudan. The excavation brought to light a standard burial of an archer dated to the early post-Meroitic period with important...
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