Filozofia Nauki

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WHAT DOES THE COGNITIVE RELATIVISM CLAIM? AN ATTEMPT TO RECONSTRUCT MAIN RELATIVISTIC THESES

D. Leszczynska

Filozofia Nauki > 2005 > 13 > 1(49) > 99-110

The aim of the paper is to give a reconstruction of the constitutive theses of cognitive relativism. The premises of the authoress' reconstruction are some examples of well-known theses and statements that are conceived to be relativistic. She distinguishes three constituents of cognitive relativism: 1) the thesis of constructive character of cognition, 2) the thesis of pluralism of cognitive schemes,...

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EXISTENTIALISM FROM THE SPEECH ACTS THEORY'S POINT OF VIEW

W. Krysztofiak

Filozofia Nauki > 2005 > 13 > 1(49) > 59-89

The aim of the article is applying some version of phenomenological speech acts theory into the domain of philosophical (existential) discourse. There are identified various language-mechanisms of existential philosophizing. Especially, locutionary (noematic) and illocutionary (noetic) aspects of acts existentialising are considered. The main thesis of the paper may be formulated in the following...

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'WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT VALUES ?'

E. Zabski

Filozofia Nauki > 2005 > 13 > 1(49) > 5-14

The article presents an algebraic theory of values (W-system) based on the ideas of Tadeusz Czezowski. According to Czezowski, 'x' is a value if there is a ternary value-generating relation that holds between 'x', a valuating subject and a value-parameter. Values enter into various relations: equality, comparability and incomparability. W-system distinguishes between values and their carriers and...

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ON THE RATIONALISATION OF LANGUAGE

A. Jedynak

Filozofia Nauki > 2005 > 13 > 1(49) > 41-54

The rationalisation of language is, according to K. Ajdukiewicz, a developmental tendency of the language, which inevitably accompanies the development of empirical knowledge. It is the transformation of well-established empirical generalisations into language axioms which is accompanied by the reinforcement of contents of notions and by enriching the meaning-relations between expressions. Rationalisation...

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WHY IS TRUTH (IN)DEFINABLE

C. Cieslinski

Filozofia Nauki > 2005 > 13 > 1(49) > 15-23

The aim of this paper is to consider the question about the reasons of the indefinability of truth. We note at the start that a formula with one free variable can function as a truth predicate for a given set of sentences in two different (although related) senses: relative to a model and relative to a theory. By methods due to Alfred Tarski it can be shown that some sets of sentences are too large...

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SOME REMARKS ON THE CALCULUS OF PROPERTIES

P. Labenz

Filozofia Nauki > 2005 > 13 > 1(49) > 91-97

A calculus of properties due to Zabski (1982) is outlined and criticised. Some of its theorems are claimed to fail to account for the relevant ontological intuitions and some to fail to be true. The argument in its favour from co-extensional non-identical properties is challenged. In conclusion, the need for a calculus of properties in general is doubted.

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EDWARD N. ZALTA'S THEORY OF ABSTRACT OBJECTS. AN ANALYSIS AND A CRITIQUE

M. Grygianiec

Filozofia Nauki > 2005 > 13 > 1(49) > 25-40

The paper offers a sketchy reconstruction of axiomatic foundations of Zalta's theory of abstract objects. The theory is based on Ernst Mally's distinction between two types of predication: an exemplification of properties and an encoding of properties. The author shows how the theory in question could be used to reconstruct in a satisfying way many other metaphysical theories e.g. the theory of Platonic...

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ABOUT LOGIC OF TRUTHMAKERS

J. Pasniczek

Filozofia Nauki > 2005 > 13 > 2(50) > 103-111

The paper discusses main issues concerning truthmakers: (1) what is the ontological status of truthmakers (are they ordinary objects, situations, tropes etc.?); (2) what are deductive properties of truthmakers. A simple logic of truthmakers is developed. The logic consists of an axiomatic system and a possible world semantics.

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ON ESSENTIAL AND INESSENTIAL OCCURENCE OF EXPRESSIONS IN ANOTHER EXPRESSIONS

A. Brozek

Filozofia Nauki > 2005 > 13 > 2(50) > 5-25

Let us assume that the expression A is a segment of the expression B. Now, let us assume that we try to transform the expression B into the expression B', removing A from B or replacing A with another expression, say A'. When shall we say that A is irremovable or occurs in B essentially? We shall do it, if we can neither remove A from B nor replace A wit A', not influencing upon important properties...

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LOCAL AND GLOBAL EXTENSIONALITY PRINCIPLE

A. Wojtowicz

Filozofia Nauki > 2005 > 13 > 2(50) > 113-127

In this article the notions of local and global extensionality principle are definied; the problem of relations between extensionality of a language and theory of extension of a name and extension of a sentence is discussed.

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MISPLACED CRITICISM

M. Heller

Filozofia Nauki > 2005 > 13 > 2(50) > 129-135

The paper contains a comment on the criticism of the author's book 'Poczatek jest wszedzie' (Prószynski i S-ka, 2002) by Marek Lagosz (Przeglad Filozoficzny – Nowa Seria, 14, 2005, 121-133). The comment focuses on the following issues: (1) the conception of philosophy of physics; (2) some methodological questions, especially the role of models in physics; (3) some explanations concerning the model...

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LOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF MEANING, i.e.DAVIDSON vs KUHN

L. Godlewski

Filozofia Nauki > 2005 > 13 > 2(50) > 69-86

The objection raised by Davidson against Kuhn in article 'On the Very Idea of Conceptual Scheme' that the argument presented in 'The Structure of Scientific Revolution' was inconsistent is incorrect. Kuhn's conception belongs to psychology and sociology and his work could be titled 'An Outline of Psychology and Sociology of Scientific Research'. Consequently he is interested only and only in psychological...

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GENIDENTITY AND THE METAPHYSICS OF PERSISTENCE: ENDURANTISM, PERDURANTISM AND EXDURANTISM

M. Grygianiec

Filozofia Nauki > 2005 > 13 > 2(50) > 87-102

Metaphysical explanations of genidentity possess a fundamental meaning both for scientific researches and for everyday human activities. Endurantism, perdurantism and exdurantism (stage view and point-eventism) are the standard metaphysical theories, which provide descriptions and explanations of relations of change and persistence. The descriptions and explanations in question give simultaneously...

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KAZIMIERZ TWARDOWSKI'S CONCEPTION OF PRODUCTS OF ACTIONS

P. Brykczynski

Filozofia Nauki > 2005 > 13 > 2(50) > 27-68

The aim of the paper is to provide a presentation and evaluation of Kazimierz Twardowski's conception (1912) called 'Twardowski's general conception of products of actions'. Among the theses that belong to it are theses that make together 'the conception of nonpermanent products as events'. As for the conceptions which are based on Twardowski's general conception of products of actions, all but one...

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IN DEFENCE OF MEREOLOGICAL ESSENTIALISM

M. Grygianiec

Filozofia Nauki > 2005 > 13 > 3(51) > 57-69

The paper is an attempt to defend the Chisholm's metaphysical doctrine called mereological essentialism. The main thesis of mereological essentialism states that 'for any objects 'x' and 'y' - if 'x' is ever a part of 'y', then 'y' is necessarily such that 'x' is a part of 'y' ', i.e. that all parts of 'y' are essential to it ('y' has them at any time that 'y' exists). This radical theory gives a...

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THE PROBLEMS OF CLASSICAL COSMOLOGY MOTIVATION FOR THE QUANTUM GRAVITY THEORY

M. Szydlowski, J. Golbiak

Filozofia Nauki > 2005 > 13 > 3(51) > 39-55

In this paper the standard problems of relativistic cosmology like: singularity problem, flatness problem, horizon problem, acceleration problem and problem of structure origin are investigated. We discuss nature of these difficulties and we suggest existence of some analogies to the problems of Newtonian cosmology. We argue that the existence of serious problems of relativistic cosmology is strictly...

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CORRESPONDENCE WITH REALITY. REMARKS ON JACEK J. JADACKI'S THEORY OF TRUTH

M. Witek

Filozofia Nauki > 2005 > 13 > 3(51) > 115-126

The author starts with the assumption that a popular idea, according to which a true sentence corresponds with reality, is adequate. Therefore, any adequate theory of truth has to account for it. It turns out, however, that it is the epistemic conception, not the correspondence one, that meets such a demand. In order to justify his claim, the author discusses Jacek J. Jadacki's theory of truth. Roughly...

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CHARLES LYELL'S GEOLOGICAL IDEAS AND THEIR SOURCES

J. Gegotek

Filozofia Nauki > 2005 > 13 > 3(51) > 15-37

The aim of the article is presentation of some opinions of historians and philosophers of science about scientific doctrines of Charles Lyell (1797-1875) and their sources. Three main themes are discussed: (1) what was the real meaning of Lyell's uniformitarianism and which doctrine (catastrophism or directionalism) it was opposed to? (2) which method of geological research was used and recommended...

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THE CONCEIVABILITY ARGUMENT AND THE PHENOMENAL CONCEPT STRATEGY

K. Polcyn

Filozofia Nauki > 2005 > 13 > 3(51) > 85-94

According to the conceivability argument, physicalism is false since it is conceivable and hence possible that the physical truths do not entail the phenomenal truths. The influential way of responding to the conceivability argument is to claim that our conceivability intuitions can be accounted for in purely psychological terms, by appealing to some cognitive and functional differences between phenomenal...

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EXTRA-PHYSICAL TIME IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF HENRY MEHLBERG

T. Pabjan

Filozofia Nauki > 2005 > 13 > 3(51) > 71-84

This paper presents some ideas of Henry Mehlberg on the problem of temporal localizability of psychological states belonging to a human being. There are three kinds of extra-physical time, referred to in Mehlberg's philosophy as psychological, inter-psychological, and psychophysical. The first one determines temporal order of psychological states belonging to the same self; the second one concerns...

INFONA - science communication portal

Filozofia Nauki

WHAT DOES THE COGNITIVE RELATIVISM CLAIM? AN ATTEMPT TO RECONSTRUCT MAIN RELATIVISTIC THESES

EXISTENTIALISM FROM THE SPEECH ACTS THEORY'S POINT OF VIEW

'WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT VALUES ?'

ON THE RATIONALISATION OF LANGUAGE

WHY IS TRUTH (IN)DEFINABLE

SOME REMARKS ON THE CALCULUS OF PROPERTIES

EDWARD N. ZALTA'S THEORY OF ABSTRACT OBJECTS. AN ANALYSIS AND A CRITIQUE

ABOUT LOGIC OF TRUTHMAKERS

ON ESSENTIAL AND INESSENTIAL OCCURENCE OF EXPRESSIONS IN ANOTHER EXPRESSIONS

LOCAL AND GLOBAL EXTENSIONALITY PRINCIPLE

MISPLACED CRITICISM

LOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF MEANING, i.e.DAVIDSON vs KUHN

GENIDENTITY AND THE METAPHYSICS OF PERSISTENCE: ENDURANTISM, PERDURANTISM AND EXDURANTISM

KAZIMIERZ TWARDOWSKI'S CONCEPTION OF PRODUCTS OF ACTIONS

IN DEFENCE OF MEREOLOGICAL ESSENTIALISM

THE PROBLEMS OF CLASSICAL COSMOLOGY MOTIVATION FOR THE QUANTUM GRAVITY THEORY

CORRESPONDENCE WITH REALITY. REMARKS ON JACEK J. JADACKI'S THEORY OF TRUTH

CHARLES LYELL'S GEOLOGICAL IDEAS AND THEIR SOURCES

THE CONCEIVABILITY ARGUMENT AND THE PHENOMENAL CONCEPT STRATEGY

EXTRA-PHYSICAL TIME IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF HENRY MEHLBERG

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