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Summary A review is given on advances in endosperm research in angiosperms. Endosperm is a very important nutritive tissue for the developing embryo. In sexually reproducing angiosperms endosperm develops as a consequence of double fertilization when one of male gametes is introduced to the central cell of megagametophyte. Of the three types of endosperm: nuclear, cellular and helobial, the nuclear...
Summary Large segments of the population are expo sed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), which is a risk factor for lung cancer and heart, circulatory and respiration diseases. Recently ETS was classified as an A carcinogen. Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been shown to be associated with pregnancy complications and deficits in the growth and development of the offspring. The effects of maternal...
Summary In sexually reproducing flowering plants both embryo and endosperm development is initated by fertilization (double fertilization) and in the vast majority of these plants a ratio of 2 maternally derived genomes to 1 paternally derived genom (2m:1p) is essential for endosperm formation and therefore for seed development. However, there is a group of taxa in which reproductive development is...
Summary Insect pests are a major cause of damage of the world's commercially important agricultural crops. Current strategies aimed at reducing crop losses rely primarily on pesticides. One of the commonly used organic zoocides is rotenone. It is used in gardens for both insect control and fish eradication as part of water management. Chronic exposure to rotenone can be toxic to animals and people...
Summary In nerve cells, the permeating short-lived signalling molecule of nitric oxide (NO) is generated by Ca2+ -calmodulin-stimulated NO synthase (NOS). Nitric oxide activates soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) in target cells, leading to the formation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Biochemical studies have shown the presence of Ca2+ -calmodulin-regulated NO-cGMP signalling mechanism in...
Summary The current postgenomic phase in biology is characterized by the occurrence of numerous novel research areas. Within the next twenty years or so, some of them will probably develop into well defined sub-disciplines, the other will disappear or transform into something completely new. Of the emerging directions, three seem particularly promising. They are: comparative genomics, deep analysis...
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