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The paper presents physicochemical characterization of components of the reaction mixture of iron powder and polycrystalline KClO4. Reactivity of the studied substrates was tested in the solid-state reaction. Research has been done to determine the effect of the grain shape and degree of crystallization of substrates on their selected thermochemical properties. Taking into regard amount of the generated...
Development of condensed energetic systems, especially photosensitive primary explosives for the systems of laser initiation is one of the foremost fields of application of energetic materials. There have been synthesized and investigated a coordination complex of mercury(II) chlorate(VII) with 5-hydrazinotetrazole as ligand (compound (I)) as a potential photosensitive primary explosive. This complex...
The paper presents an analysis of observable combustion instability of energetic materials with condensed phase leading reaction. The Zeldovich's and Novozhilov's criteria have been calculated by an example of two dinitramide salts, ADN and HMDADN, having a condensed- phase combustion mechanism. It is suggested an explanation of combustion instability observed.
Demilitarized energetic materials such as explosives and propellants are a useful source of energy for civilian applications. The excess of military explosives and propellants can be reused as components in commercial explosives. The influence of double base propellants (DBP) on detonation characteristics of ANFO and emulsion explosives was investigated. Some physical characteristics of emulsion matrix...
The plastic explosive Hardex-70, employed during the research work, has caused serious changes in microstructural and functional properties of Hadfield cast steel. A complex investigation has been carried out on this material concerning the mechanism of its strengthening by explosion energy. It has been found that the strengthening of Hadfield cast steel caused by a detonation wave of great energy...
Dimethylnitramine (DMN) is usually investigated as a model compound for nitramine explosives. In the present study, the reaction of DMN with NO2 molecule and two possible initial channels of unimolecular decomposition of DMN in gas-phase (N-N bond scission and direct HONO elimination) were studied. Critical points on the potential energy surfaces (PES) of all reactions were optimized using the B3LYP...
The article deals with measurement of velocities of detonation in special charges constructed with an inner channel. The detonation course of these charges was investigated by measuring the velocities of detonation. The abnormalities found in the detonation course were interpreted as a consequence of the channel effect. For better understanding of the problem, the operation of channel effect was also...
Oxidation of hexanitrobibenzyl to hexanitrostilbene using oxygen has been shown to produce 4-hydroxy-2,2',4',6,6'-pentanitrostilbene as a major by-product. The single crystal structure of this new product is reported.
The crystal quality and the internal microstructure of crystals have a great influence on the sensitivity of energetic materials. Besides, the particle size and the particle size distribution are of great importance to the processing technology of energetic materials. Particle properties can especially be influenced by applying different crystallization techniques, such as cooling crystallization,...
Computational investigation including molecular structure, crystal density, heat of formation, relative specific impulse, heat of detonation, detonation velocity and pressure on dinitrofurazanfuroxan (DNTF) was performed by quantum chemistry (density functional theory and Beck 3LYP hybrid density functional with 6-31G (d, p) basis set), molecular mechanics (Dreiding forcefield) and Monte Carlo methods...
Reaction of vicarious nucleophilic substitution (VNS) of hydrogen was applied for preparation of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) in a twostep process. Using this approach 3-amino-2,4,6'2'4 6' -hexanitrostilbene (MNHNS) and new 2,6-bis(3-amino-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-3,5-dinitropyridine (DAPYX) were obtained.
The energetic plasticizer glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is used for new types of rocket propellants which are formulated with the objective of achieving higher burning rates. The reaction profiles for several possible initial steps in the decomposition of mixtures of the nitramines octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7- tetrazacyclooctane (HMX), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane...
The energetic plasticizer glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is used for new types of rocket propellants which are formulated with the objective of achieving higher burning rates. While the homolytic fission of an N-NO2 bond, which we discussed previously, is energetically favored as the initial decomposition step, experiments show that the decomposition of mixtures of the nitramines octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane...
The paper deals with possible applications of the connection of liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry (Agilent 1100 series LS-MSD system) and gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) in the analysis of some common available or improvised explosives. The analysis of selected types of individual explosives, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene...
The 15N NMR chemical shifts of eighteen polynitro arenes have been determined. The relationships were found and discussed between the characteristics of detonation and thermal decomposition, on the one hand, and 15N NMR chemical shifts of nitrogen atoms of the primarily split off nitro groups, on the other hand. Also the relationships are specified between the 15N NMR chemical shifts in the solid...
The role of dislocations in assisting initiation of (explosive) chemical decomposition of energetic materials has connection with the known influences for crystals and polycrystals of dislocations facilitating permanent deformations and phase transformations. X-ray topographic observation of relatively few dislocations in solution-grown crystals relates to the influence of large Burgers (displacement)...
Different gaseous ignition systems have been used for the characterization of spherical deterred propellants in closed vessel tests. It has been observed that, with an appropriate ignition system, a good correlation is obtained between closed vessel tests, deterrent concentration profiles and ballistic firing.
The stimulus needed for initiation of an energetic material is an important quantity to determine for reliable functioning and safe handling. When considering the gamma of impact, friction, spark and heating tests in use one runs into the problem of how to compare results and how to make a prediction for practical situations that an initiation certainly will happen or definitely can be excluded. The...
The results of researches on possibility of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) application in analysis of after explosion residues of trinitrotoluene in environmental samples are presented. A testing stand for model charges detonation was designed and made. Methods of extraction were specified and recoveries were estimated (they were about 80%). Chromatographic system suitable for analyte separation...
Energetic linear polyphosphazenes are of potential interest as novel binders for energetic formulations. However, the presence of phosphorus in these materials renders their combustion chemistry significantly different to that of conventional binders. This paper explores the combustion chemistry of a series of energetic polyphosphazenes. The heat of combustion of each member of the series has been...
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