Radicalization of the political situation in Russia in autumn 1917 led to the overthrow of Interim Government and taking over power by the Bolshevik Council of People's Commissars. These changes were accompanied by Bolsheviks' aspirations to abolish the I Polish Corps and increasing deterioration of conditions for the operation of associations functioning in the Russian Army from April 1917 as associations of Polish military men, whereas published documents refer mainly to the activity of one of them, which, however, was the most active, i.e., the Association of Polish Military Men of the 2 Army. It results from the documents' content that apart from serious concerns about the lot of all Poles who were still within the ranks of Russian military forces, there were also worries about securing their return to the homeland. What is more, warnings addressed at them not to get involved into Russian domestic matters, particularly into an armed confrontation between the revolution's advocates and opponents, were of great significance. Furthermore, the published documents also contain a lot of information about a hard lot of Polish exiles who were dragged to Russia in 1915, i.e. during the retreat of Russian troops.