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The purpose of the studies carried out in the years 1996-1998 was to establish the composition of bacteria and fungi communities in the soil of spring wheat and winter wheat. Besides, the studies provided the information on quantitative and qualitative composition of amino acids as well as the amount of water soluble sugars in roots exudates of these cereals. The microbiological analysis of 1 g of...
Results of two-year studies on the aphids number in different uncultivated habitats (field boundaries, roadsides, field shrubs and forest margins) are presented. The analysis of data permitted to distinguish two basic types of change in the aphids number in a vegetation season.
In the years 1997-1999, studies on the intensity of the slug Arion lusitanicus occurring in different microhabitats were carried out on the territory of Podkarpackie province. Observations were performed in the environments of vegetable gardens, arable fields and non-crop areas. The intensity of the slug occurrence varied greatly in arable crops of different plant species and in other microhabitats...
The paper presents the descriptions as well as drawings of three species of eriophyid mites found on coniferous plants as new in Poland: Trisetacus juniperinus (Nalepa) from Juniperus procumbens, Eriophyes junipereti Keifer from Juniperus communis L. ‘Hibernica’ and Cecidophyopsis psilaspis (Nalepa) from Taxus baccata L. Additionally, eriophyoid mites collected from Thuja occidentalis and Tsuga canadensis...
Azadirachtin is the most active substance separated from Azadirachta indica. lt acts destructively on numerous species of insects and mites. The aim of the presented investigations was to determine the effect of azadirachtin on one of the most dangerous pests of cabbage plants, Pieris brassicae, and on its natural enemy, Apanteles glomeratus. The results of the field observations did not show any...
Disappearance of iprodione deposits on peppers, eggplants and tomatoes grown in commercial greenhouses and in a foil tunnel were studied. lt was found that iprodione residues on ripening fruits decreased according to simple regression lines. Their initial values dropped by half and reached zero levels within 2.5-2.8 and about 5 weeks after Rovral FLO 255 SC application, respectively. lprodione deposits...
Influence of triforine (standard), garlic juice, Antifung 20 SL (20% vermicompost), Atpolan 80 EC (76% mineral oil), Biosept (grapefruit juice) and Atonik AL on development of Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae was evaluated. Garlic juice, Atpolan 80 EC and Biosept applied as rose spray gave similar effect in the control S. pannosa var. rosae as triforine. Observations under scanning electron microscop...
In 1998 and 1999, the research on the contents of entomofauna settlement of Heracleum Sosnowskyi Manden was carried out at Mochełek, and in 1999 - at Minikowo near Bydgoszcz. Useful insects were the most abundant group in the tested habitats. Based on the results of the investigations, it can be concluded that only two species: blunt’s flat-body (Depressaria depresella Hb.) and celery fly (Phillophylla...
Larvae of June chafer (Amphimallon solstitiale L.) are important pests of the turf-grass. During a routine field collection of A. solstitiale grubs numerous larvae of a curculionid, Strophosoma faber were frequently observed in the soil. Bath insects shared the same environment in the same season. Since entomopathogenic nematodes are considered as candidates for control of A. solstitiale it was decided...
The research on the influence of pollution emitted by the WBM-30 bituminous mass factories on the winter wheat-crop was carried out in 1981. The factory was situated in the agricultural area far from the farm buildings in the village of Trzebownisko. The experimental area was divided into four zones (three zones of pollution and one control zone). The wheat ear samples were collected during full grain...
In the years 1997-1999 the occurrence of rye diseases in the region of south-western Poland was investigated on rye varieties Warko, Dańkowskie Złote and hybrid rye Marder. Eyespot (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides var. acuformis) and brown rust (Puccinia recondita) occurcd most frequently in the experimental period. Fusarium stem base rot and Ieaf blight (Fusarium spp.) and leaf scald (Rhynchosporium...
In the years 1997-1999, studies on the periods of A. lusitanicus development and on the occurrence of its developmental stages were carried out. Dates of overwintering, mating, egg-laying, hatching and population peaks of the slug were observed on six sites located in horticultural habitats, as well as in the isolation cage, where slugs were reared. It was ascertained that A. lusitanicus has a year-long...
Later harvest time increased the infection of stems by Fusarium spp. and plant lodging. With the delay of harvest, the dry matter content in grain increased, but the crop in the later periods decreased. The optimal harvest time seems to be 20 days after reaching physiological maturity. In spite of using different genotypes and a wide range of harvest dates, the chemical analysis used to determine...
Spring triticale ‘Migo’, and spring barley ‘Maresi’ grown in pure stand and in their mixtures were used in field experiment. Disease occurrence, number of culms and heads as well as yield were assessed. Powdery mildew and scald of barley and Septoria leaf blotch of triticale occurred in lower degree in mixtures than in pure stands, but only in the years with weather conditions favourable for the diseases...
Population parameters of Sitophilus granarius (L.) were measured under various conditions of temperaturę and relative humidity. The range of five examined temperatures (15 to 35°C) had a remarkably stronger effect on all examined parameters than applied range of two relative humidities (75%; 85 or 95% ). The highest intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) and the highest finite rate of increase (lambda)...
Weeds are harmful organisms connected with human activities; therefore there is a need for their control. Human development and mobility have caused on purpose or purely incidental introduction of plants, exotic very often, to new sites and ecosystems. A dominating method of weed control is applying chemicals. However, chemical compounds are often of low selectivity, they also contaminate the environment...
The experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions on sterile and nonsterile humus soil treated with ¹⁴C-2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP). The disappearance dynamics of extractable residues, and formation of the bound ones, as well as diffusion of radioactive volatile substances to the air were observed during 112 days. The results showed that disappearance of extractable residues of 2,4-DCP and binding...
In the period of 1993-1998 six wells known as being contaminated were monitored 3-6 times per year (a total of 143 samples) for the presence of atrazine, simazine and respective chloro-dealkyl metabolites. Samples were prepared for analysis by solid phase extraction (SPE) and determination was by HPLC/UV or GC/NPD techniques, GC/MSD and HPLC/DAD were employed as secondary (confirmatory) techniques...
The effect of some terpenoid lactones (monocyclic δ-hydroxy-γ-lactone; bicyclic δ-hydroxy-γ-spirolactone and bicyclic δ-hydroxy-γ-lactone) and azadirachtin on feeding and growth of Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say larvae was studied. Among lactones bicyclic δ-hydroxy-γ-spirolactone showed a strong feeding deterrency. Larvae treated with this compound consumed 0.163 cm² (per larva) of potato leaves during...
The level of free (PAs) and conjugated (CPAs) soluble polyamines in leaves of Chenopodium album was determined using the fluorometric method for dansylated derivatives. The tests made at the 4-6 leaf growth stage showed that the concentration of PAs in susceptible (S) and resistant (R) biotypes ranged between 32-43 μg and 45-56 μg per 100 μI of cell sap, respectively. The analyses performed later,...
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