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The influence of solid retention time on cadmium uptake by activated sludge at different concentrations of the metal was studied. Activated sludge was cultivated in a lab-scale bioreactor with plug-flow pattern. Respirometric measurements were applied to evaluate the inhibitive effects of cadmium on activated sludge. The obtained values of the conditional adsorption constant indicate a similar affnity...
An inhibition of growth of Chlorella vulgaris, Beijerinck 1980 laboratory cultures carried out under different conditions caused by benzene, phenol and catechol was investigated. Each of the investigated substances was added to the culture medium at 4 or 5 different concentrations, directly before inoculation. The cultures were carried up to the stationary phase of growth. The density of alga cell...
The effect of heavy metal ions (both biogenic Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn1+ and abiogenic Hg2+, Pb2+, Cd2+) on the growth of Bacillus licheniformis bacteria, and the kinetics of denitrification were studied. Rate constants and induction times of denitrification taking place in the media containing metal ions at different concentrations were determined. The order of toxicity of the metals and their maximum tolerable...
The effects of lead salts (chloride, nitrate, acetate) on the elongation growth of three cereal species (maize, wheat, rye) under the same growth conditions were studied. It has been found that the most toxic lead compound for maize was acetate, while the most sensitive to lead chloride was wheat. It is suggested that in order to obtain comparable results in experiments on the effects of different...
The toxic effect of the organophosphorus (OP) insecticide dimethoate on the structure and function of natural phytoplankton assemblage of brackish lake water of the Darss-Zingst bodden chain was tested in a laboratory under both short- and long-term incubation. A decrease in photosynthetic activity, an increase of photosystem II (PS II) fluorescence emission and acceleration of respiratory O2 consumption...
We have reviewed available data from our and other laboratories relevant to the effects of single and repeated intoxication with mercury on the metabolism of several elements in animal bodies. Additionally, emphasis has been placed on the influence of zinc and selenium on mercury toxicity. The data indicate that mercuric chloride and methyl mercury affect quite differently the distribution pattern...
The translocation of zinc, cadmium and lead ions in vegetative mycelia of four species of mycorrhizal fungi was studied. Strong accumulation of zinc, cadmium and lead in aerial mycelium of fungi growing in contaminated medium, and inhibition of the metals' translocation was found. These results were related to species of mycorrhizal fungus and the metal ions that were used for the contaminated medium.
The influence of didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDDM) on the processes of denitrification - occurring with a contribution of Bacillus licheniformis bacteria, and desulfurication - with a contribution of Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria, was studied. It has been shown in laboratory conditions that the compound tested is not assimilable by the cultures of the above mentioned heterotrophic bacteria...
Mercury is known to be toxic to a number of phytoplankton even at very low concentrations. The metal inhibited survival, growth and biosynthesis of chlorophyll, carbohydrate and lipid of the green alga Chlorella vulgaris at its toxic concentrations (≥ 0.1 μM), but induced the biosynthesis of proline. The addition of amino acids (Alanine, Aspargine, Glutamate, Histidine and Cysteine) to the growth...
Evidence of the influence of several nutrients on the absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, distribution, elimination and toxicity of mercury in animals is reported. Moreover, the effects of age, sex, and other non-nutritional factors are also stressed.
These studies concern the effect of the concentration of MMPP (magnesium monoperoxyphtalate), a compound used (among others) in hygiene products (Lonzabac-MP) on the kinetics of microbiological processes involving the following species of bacteria: Bacillus licheniformis (denitrification), Desulfotomaculum ruminis (desulfurication) and Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (oxidation of iron II ions and reduced...
The respiratory rate of the mitochondrial respiratory chain is very sensitive to many toxins; some toxins enhance, while others slow the respiratory rate. We propose, therefore, a new simple "in vitro" method in order to assess acute toxicity in water using the response of the mitochondrial respiratory chain from rat liver. On the basis of the response we subdivided all tested toxins into...
Cadmium is an environmental pollulant highly toxic to all forms of life. In this paper we studied by polarography the effect of the environment on cadmium speciation and also the effect of this speciation on 109Cd uptake and toxicity to living cells of cadmium-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus 17810S in different media. It was found that the magnitude of passive ,09Cd adsorption was proportional to...
The subject of study was the effect of trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCICA) and sodium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid (NaDCIC) - the compounds used as disinfectant, on the kinetic of denitrification and desulfurication run with the use of bacteria from the Bacillus and Desulfatomaculum genera. The inhibitory effect of the compounds tested on microbiological activity of the bacteria was evidenced and...
The effect of concentration of N,N-Bis(3-aminepropyl)dodecylamine (APDA) used in disinfectants (Lonzabac) on the kinetics of denitrification and desulfurication processes proceeding with the use of Bacillus licheniformis and Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria, was studied. The kinetic equation for denitrification in a medium containing the microbiocide tested was derived, the parameters of the process...
The present studies were carried out in order to assess the protective effects of selenium against cadmium toxicity in pregnant hamsters. On the 8th day of gestation the females were dosed subcutaneously either with cadmium or with cadmium and selenium in the following doses (mg per kilogram of body weight): 0, 1 Cd, 1 Cd + 1 Se, 2 Cd, 2 Cd + 2 Se. In groups treated with cadmium decreased litter...
The objective of this study was to determine the interaction of organo tin (IV) compounds with a gramicidin ion-conducting channel incorporated into planar lipid bilayers. The relative change of trans membrane current was used as a parameter for estimation the above interaction. This measured parameter was in good relationship with physicochemical (logP) and topological (TSA) properties of the compounds...
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