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The influence of moderate water deficit on both the ultrastructure of epidermal cell walls and cellulose content in the walls of Sium latifolium leaves during flowering and fruitage stage was studied. The ultrastructure of walls of adaxial and abaxial surface was studied by the scanning electron microscopy. Complex of cellulose with calcofluor in the cell walls of both adaxial, abaxial epidermis and...
The common and distinctive structure-functional signs of submerged leaf cells of Potamogeton pectinatus, Potamogeton perfoliatus and Myriophyllum spicatum water plants were studied in the light-, electron- and laser confocal microscopy. There were following common features: stomata were absent in epidermis; the presence of chloroplasts in the epidermis, and the presence of calcium ions in the cell...
Relatively little is known about the direct influence of acid rain (AR) on pro-and antioxidative changes in plant cells. Intercompartmental differences between cytosol and mitochondria were not studied before. Aboveground parts of plants treated with different pH variants of AR and prooxidative changes (lipid peroxidation) as well as antioxidative enzyme activities (ascorbate peroxidase, APx; glutathione...
The effect of 3 levels soil compaction (low - 1.30, moderate - 1.47 and severe - 1.58 g·cm⁻³) on triticale and maize seedling shoots and root dry matter, leaf number, number and length of particular components of the root system, leaf injury (LI), leaf water potential (Ψ), chlorophyll content (Chl) and maximum quantum yield of PS II (Fv/Fm) were examined. For both examined species high level of soil...
Chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, Fv/F₀ and Fvj) were used in testing wild oat (Avena fatua L.) resistance/susceptibility to fluazifop and quizalofop. Measurements of the selected fluorescence parameters were carried out at two terms: 24 and 48 hours after spraying resistant and susceptible biotypes of weeds with field doses of herbicides: Fusilade Forte 150EC and Targa Super 05EC. The...
This study presents the data concerning the intensity of lipid peroxidation in seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana, which were grown under the prolonged water stress on the agarized sterile medium. Growth parameters, such as length of the main root and fresh matter were measured. The seedlings of A. thaliana subjected to water deficit exhibited a decrease in the growth of the main root and fresh weight...
Phenylpropanoids are a numerous group of the secondary metabolites. The pathway of phenolic biosynthesis is induced in plants under the treatment of various unfavorable factors. Phenylpropanoid compounds act twofold: they can be toxic for plant, inhibiting their growth and development, and, on the other side, they protect plants from stress effect. In the paper the most important phenolics, their...
The response of aerial parts of lemon balm and basil to 7-day soil drought and root submergence (waterlogging) was studied. Drought-subjected basil plants inhibited the growth of their shoots, and water content in leaves dropped to ca. 60% of leaf fresh weight, whereas growth of lemon balm was not affected and water content was ca. 70%. Gas exchange of lemon balm was stopped, which was considered...
Developmental processes during in vitro culture are influenced by many environmental factors, which are required to start regeneration programs encoded in the genome. Isolation of explants and their in vitro culture might cause oxidative imbalance in cells. The aim of the experiment was to determine the effects of osmotic potential of medium on the in vitro regeneration focusing on the oxidative stress...
The goal of the study was to evaluate the accumulation of aquaporin mRNA in Sium latifolium leaves at the different developmental stages under moderate water deficit. The accumulation of aquaporin mRNA in leaves of two ecotypes of Sium latifolium: air-aquatic (control) and terrestrial ecotype (affected by moderate water deficit) was studied using RT-PCR analysis and degenerate primers complementary...
An influence of the soil drought on changes in leaf injury index (LI), leaf water potential (Ψ), chlorophyll content (Chl), chlorophyll a fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and a leaf fluorescence excitation spectrum in the main fluorescence bands (F450, F520, F690, F740) in maize and triticale was compared. In control treatments (C) among the examined species there occurred both differences and similarities in...
Winter survival of cereals and grasses depends mainly on plant resistance to low temperature and to snow mould fungi. To persist winter plants have to be tolerant to different kind of stresses: abiotic such as low temperature, long-term snow and ice cover, freeze-induced plant desiccation or frequent freezing and thawing, and biotic - many species of snow mould fungi. During the cold acclimation,...
Recent studies revealed that reactive oxygen species, antioxidants and related redox signals are key elements in the regulation of plant defense responses, including the synthesis of secondary metabolites. In this work the potential of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) cell suspensions to produce cynarin was studied in relation to the antioxidant profile of the cultures. There were determined the total...
The aim of the study was to investigate changes in activity of catalase (CAT) and non-specific peroxidase (PX) in leaves of chosen forage grasses during pathogenesis evoked by Microdochium nivale and to state if the activity of these antioxidants could be recognized as the physiological marker of grass resistance to snow mould. Plants of Festuca pratensis cv. Skra, Festuca arundinacea cv. Kord, Festulolium...
Genotype-dependent variation in water stress-induced tissue dehydration (RWC), proline accumulation (PA), membrane injury (MI) and stress resistance (R) was studied among old and modern cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Twenty-day- old seedlings grown in nutrient solution were subjected to a moderate water stress (-0.75 MPa) by immersing (for 72 h) their root systems in aerated nutrient...
The aim of this study was to explain how temperature, desiccation, light and nitrate affect the seasonal pattern of germination and persistence of dandelion achenes. Directly after collection, Taraxacum officinale Web. ex Wiggers achenes were characterized by non-deep primary dormancy, while dry stored at a low temperature, they showed slight seasonal variations of dormancy level. Both high and low...
Alisma plantago-aquatica L. (Alismataceae) and Sium latifolium L. (Apiaceae) can grow both under flooding and moderate water deficit. Activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) plays a critical role in the metabolism of plants under hypoxia participating in fermentation of sugars to ethanol - the primary mechanism of energy production in hypoxic roots. This study was aimed to characterize localization...
Changes in total phenols and o-dihydroxyphenols concentration in seedlings of waxy and wax-less winter triticale hybrids under the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae F. and the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi L. infestation were studied. Results revealed an inverse correlation between the concentration of the phenolics in aphid-infested triticale plants and the growth and development of the aphid...
The interaction of epibrassinolide (epi-BL) with auxin in tulip stem growth and ethylene production were studied. Excision of all leaves and flower bud in isolated shoots (about 5 cm long) of tulip almost totally inhibited stem growth. IAA at both concentrations (0.1% and 1.0%) greatly induced the growth of tulip shoot, but higher concentration at IAA in smaller degree stimulated the growth. Epibrassinolide...
In several tulip cultivars propagated in vitro, a high decrease in propagation rate was observed after the 4th - 6th multiplication cycles. In vitro shoot cultures of the model tulip cultivars Blue Parrot and Prominence with relatively stable and high multiplication rate and shoots of new Polish cultivar Fringed Black which revealed a decreased regeneration capacity were used in the experiment. Shoots,...
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