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На расположены вблизи Олыптына почвах проведены исследования потребности орошения. Для исследования были избраны 8 склонов, на которых взято пробы гумусного горизонта почв вершины, ската и подножья склона. Определены физические и химические свойства, а также водозадерживающая способность почв. Пользуясь полученными кривыми водозадерживающей способности вычтены поливные нормы. Полученые результаты...
Вазонный опыт произведено на почве с содержимым 23% сплавленных частей, 1,5% перегноя и максимальной капиллярной водной ёмкости 30%. В трех периодах вегетации мака: 1. от всхожести до завязывания цветных пучков, 2. цветения - формирования семян, 3. созревания растений, влажность почвы была изменчивой, на уровне 40 или 70% м.к.в.ё. Все влаговые варианты произведено при двух дозах минеральных удобрений...
Результаты вегетационного опыта, поставленного в теплице показали, что повышенные дозы NPK и достаточное снабжение водой (90% полевой водоёмкости почвы) во время вегетационного периода поспособствовали свыше четырёхкратному увеличению массы растений в сравнении с объектами удобренными недостаточно в наличии водного стресса. По объектам с дождеванием и обильным удобрением листья кукурузы отличались:...
Basing on the french standards [3, 5] an irrigation meter (irrigametr) was constructed. The irrigation meter enabled to quantity the water consumption of plants in conditions of potential evapotranspiration. The soil moisture was close to the field capacity. Two fields of tall fescue with installed irrigation meters were cut alternately. The accounts to quantity the ETp were done using the formula:...
Величины недостатка и избытка осадков для данной станции были вычислены на основании разницы между величинами осадковых нужд исследуемых растений со средними многолетними осадками 1951-1980 гг. Величины осадковых нужд растений были приняты за Л. Новаком, а средние величины осадков в период от посадки (сева) до уборки культуры были взяты по ежедневным данным осадков, которые приводились в Метеорологической...
Исследования проведены в годах 1981-1984 на рендзине касались влияния разных доз азота и дождевания на полевое водопотребление в севообороте: сахарная свёкла ++ - кукуруза на силос - картофель -озимая пшеница. Можно судить, что полевое водопотребление растёт одновременно, как растут дозы воды с дождевания, самое высокое значение принимает под бураками и кукурузой. Нет зато связи между величиной полевого...
Исследования указанной выше темы были проведены на комплексе хороших ржаных почв в Свойце недалеко от Вроцлава в 1978-1980 гг. при применении однородного минерального удобрения и при дифференцированных водных условиях - без орошения и с орошением. Из этих опытов вытекает, что дождевание, повышая влажность почвы, выравнивало расход воды в декады, а это сопровождалось увеличением урожая люцерны. Многократное...
On the grounds of many years field experiments, carried out by the Variety Assessment Stations all over the country in the years 1952-1980, there has been presented the yielding of some root crops (early, medium-early and late potatoes as well as sugar beets and mangolds) against the background of different amount of precipitation in the growing period depending on the region of cultivation, soil...
Experiment was establisched in the field area basing on the randomized block method. It was lasting for 3 years. The question was : what the yields of tall fescue are in the different moistures of soil (W₀ - natural moisture, W₁ - 55-100% and W₂ - 75-100% of field capacity). As the number of cuts increased then the quantity of nitrate fertilizer increased (z₁ - 2 cuts and 20x 60 kg N ha⁻¹; z₂ -3 cuts...
Practical sprinkler irrigation of 17 crops on 4 soil types in 11 localities scattered over the whole cultivated part of Poland was simulated for period of 27 years. The principles of the so called balance method of the irrigation system control were observed. The total seasonal net water application in the consecutive years of the simulation period was calculated. The average total seasonal application...
On the grounds of the results of experiments published in scientific and professional literature in the years 1945-1983 the precipitation requirement of meadow vegetation has been determined. The amount of precipitation, which gave the highest hay yield, has been reffered to as the precipitation requirement. It has been found out that precipitation requirement of meadows, both on mineral and organic...
In this work, the probable levels of potential evapotranspiration and water needs and water shortage of grass plants have been presented. Number data given in tables 3, 4, 6, and 8 and 9 show that these levels are characterized by high variability in the whole country and by very high variability in following years and months. The highest water needs and water shortage appear in the Lake District...
The increase of commercial crop of ground cucumbers and celery caused by irrigation in comparison with rainfall during periods of enhanced need of water was demonstrated on the base of country and own experiments. This relationship allowed to calculate possible effects of irrigation of these plants for ten localities of various regions of the country and for several years. The optimal rainfall and...
В вазоновом опыте, произведенном на почве содержащей 23% сплавляющих частей сравнивалось влияние четырех уровней влажности почвы: 30, 40, 70 и 90% максимальной капиллярной водной ёмкости при двух дозах минеральных удобрений на урожайность и избранные свойства урожайности мака и потребление воды. Обнаружено, что влажность почвы на уровне 90% м.к.в.ё. и более высокая доза минеральных удобрений образовала...
Examined was the possibility of using on plants only water stored in soil at the end of winter. One group of plants was grown in artificially created environments, completely lacking rainfall in the period of vegetation. These were compared to plants grown in natural field rainfall environments. Plants grown in natural meteorological environments used approximately three times more water than those...
The measures of field water use on heavy clay soil performed in Agricultural Experiment Station Stare Pole in 1972-78 show that field water consumption has been dependant mainly on the humifidication of the surface layer of soil. In drought conditions not irrigated plants used infiltrated waters. Sprinkler irrigation increased water use having no significant influence on plant crops. In the conditions...
In the experience performed in experimental farm Mochełek in 1976 - 1978, it was shown that level of dry matter crop of Rescue Grass (Bromus unioloides HBK) and of Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) had no influence on the field water use. The highest water use was found in the first and the second swath, and the highest crops of Rescue grass were discovered in the first and the second swath, and...
The influence of sprinkling irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on yield grasses and white clover and their quantity relations in mixture was investigated on pasture founded on light mineral soil. The irrigation increased the yield of clover more than grasses, however nitrogen fertilization increased the yield of grasse and decreased the yield of clover. The average in two years of investigations,...
The article has been written on the basis of the data available in literature and on the results obtained in our investigations. It deals mainly with water requirements of meadow fescue and deficiency of water supply to the plant due to too low precipitation ievel. It has been found that meadow fescue requires a large quantity of water. The period of enhanced demand for rainfalls occurs in June and...
Доклад представляет модификацию психрометра типа Нельтера. Представлений психрометр - это универсальный прибор для измерения водного потенциала почв и растений.
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