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The objective of the paper is to show the manner in which Ludwik Gumplowicz's thoughts have been received in Poland. Pointed out are its delayed reception as well as factors affecting its form. An attitude commonly held by Polish researchers (Jan Karol Kochanowski, Aleksander Kraushar, Stanislaw Posner, Mieczyslaw Szerer, Jan Stanislaw Bystron, and Franciszek Mirek), as to the native origins of L...
The article presents the last work of the well-known Polish neo-messianist philosopher, Wincenty Lutoslawski (1863-1954), who was also famous as a researcher into Platonic chronology. The typescript of the 'Metaphysics' was preserved in the Archives of Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) and Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences (PAU) in Cracow, and also by philosopher's daughter - Janina...
Two civilizational doctrines developed by Polish scholars are discussed and analytically compared: the one by Feliks Koneczny (1862-1949) and the other by Erazm Majewski (1858-1922). Some logical aspects of both are worked out. The doctrines in question have some points in common. The main are: a strong conviction that a solution of the problem of civilisation is crucial to understanding of history...
Feliks Mlynarski (1884-1972) holds a specific position in the history of Polish Thought. He had philosophical ambitions, not only restricting to historiosophy and the theory of society. His metaphysical ideas are the least known. As the philosopher of history he pointed to three stages of emancipation: equality to God, equality to law and equal rights to social income. In his theory of the nation...
The article aims to confront the skeptical critique of cognition with Nietzsche's refutation of classical epistemology. Irrespective of some striking analogies, it does not purport that skepticism exerted direct impact on Nietzsche's philosophy. Nevertheless, both critiques reject such a type of philosophy that endeavors to discover the very nature of things and both repudiate the dogmatic dichotomy...
Saint Thomas Aquinas' exposition of the principles of psychology given in his Commentary on Aristotle's 'De Anima' concerns three questions: a) the subjective and objective purpose of a psychological analysis; b) the methods (demonstration of fact, causal demonstration, composition or synthesis of informations to prepare a definition); c) the subject of this science, which the soul is. The subjective...
The article begins with a comparison of Descartes' theory of object with its scholastic predecessors. In Descartes' thought the object is restricted to its human figure, while Augustine, Henry of Ghent and Duns Scotus describe this concept primarily in the horizon of the divine thought. Even if Descartes leaves out the theological meaning of object, its new epistemic subject becomes the ground of...
Publishing the Polish translation of Part I of 'Tractatus de Successivis' attributed to William Ockham, the author reminds that it divides in three parts: on motion, on place and on time. Considerations given there plays important role in conceptualistic metaphysical theory of motion, place and time. Study on Ockham prepares important conclusions concerning critical Aristotelianism in XIV century...
The article presents radical and consistent critique of the Polish political elite by Stanislaw Wyspianski - the examples are his eight dramas, interpreted as black political comedies. Stanislaw Wyspianski accuses the elite of lack of factual knowledge and efforts to fulfil Polish national interests and aspirations. He brings as well an accusation of lack of socio-political imagination, ingenuity...
The opposition between Socrates' views and the sophists' teachings reflects the conflict of ethics and politics and of philosophy and democracy, the form of state regarded by Plato as an outcome of sophistical relativism. Socrates saw the task of a politician in betterment of his own soul and of the citizens' characters while the sophists taught their disciples utilitarian efficacy in politics and...
The present article discusses theory of nation as founded by J.K. Kochanowski. In Polish philosophy his views have virtually become forgotten. Yet, his thinking seems to have much in common with the foundations of psychologism and sociologism, although it is the former which appears closer to his own views. In his philosophical 'oeuvre' we can find threads inspired by his reflection on a crowd. All...
The aim of this article is to present the thought of Henry Kamienski (1813-1865), the author of 'Russia and Europe. Poland. The Introduction to the Research into Russia and Russians'; the work is regarded as the most important and original analysis of Russian Empire, that was written in the 19th century by a Pole. Kamienski, the philosopher, the sociologist and economist tried to inform compatriots...
The article shows an evolution of the concept of truth in Wittgenstein's 'Nachlass' (1930-1933). In this period Wittgenstein passes from the view on the possibility of truth as an internal relation to the explanation acknowledging the harmony between thought and reality as an accomplishment of grammar. An analysis of the reasons of this change explains the standpoint of the Investigations on truth.
The Parade is a selection of excerpts from political, historical, linguistic works, and oriental apologues by Count Jan Potocki. The fragments of Potocki's writings were especially translated from French into Polish. Abundant notes, accompanying the translation, present particular words and concepts, biographical details, socio-cultural context and half-forgotten links between Europe and oriental...
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