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The object of the article is to show how semantic grammar theory can be applied as a first step to describe natural languages. Taking into account that neither purely syntactic criteria nor the application of cognitive semantics as the only method allows us to describe any natural language from every point of view, we have proposed to study and research the natural language within the framework of so called 'cultural linguistics' (J.Wilk-Racieska). The main purpose of the article is to show the importance of understanding the semantic level in the process of learning and researching.