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The article is inspired by the work of Iwona Kapron-Charzynska 'Derywacja ujemna we wspólczesnym jezyku polskim. Rzeczowniki i przymiotniki', and presents hierarchization of derivational techniques and indicators, according to their importance in derivational process. The status of so called 'derywacja ujemna and wymienna' (derivational process in which a part of a base is removed) was raised and...
Three constructions meaning the limit of an action were analysed. The first one - 'do oporu' - indicates intentional action and means limit of physical abilities of a person or communicates that he / she does not want to perform an action anymore. The construction 'do upadlego' is necessary connected with conscious action, and 'do utraty tchu' means that the action will end spontaneously.
The problem of phraseological derivation i.e. the creation of new lexemes out of multiword-roots being idiomatic expressions is often omitted in specialist literature. At times it is mentioned marginally in studies analyzing the formation of particular parts of speech. Polish language is rich in derivatives based on idioms, for example: 'szarogesic sie' out of 'rzadzic sie jak szara ges'; 'nabigosic'...
The author analysed geography of old Polish names of feudal obligations till 1600. The material was excerpted from notes and protocols from inspections of royal estates in 16th century. The geography of the names is determined by many factors - historic (traditions of feudal relations, existence of the documents), linguistic (geographical differentiation of words), economic specificity of a country...
There are two groups of acronyms: stylised as words (PALMA) or not stylised as words (TORWAR). The astronomical acronyms are divided by the authors into three groups: simple acronyms that evoke any noun (GONG), cultural acronyms that evoke cultural associations (ADONIS) and substantial acronyms that evoke substantial function or characteristic of a denotat (MACHO). The authors conclude that the longer...
Long-lasting neighborhood of Kashubians and Germans influenced the language spoken in the region. The article deals with lexical Germanisms in the region of Gochy (southern part of Kaszuby) in everyday communication and in printed texts. German borrowings are mostly found in lexical fields connected with man, farming and house and are adapted to linguistic local system.
This part of the article deals with explicit strategies used to avoid answering when the speaker refuses to answer by: stating that someone else might answer, that the speaker will answer later, that he (she) does not remember the correct answer or by repeating the question. The answers: 'I do not know', 'I will not answer' are often found in the material. Choice of a strategy helps to achieve a goal...
The article presents conceptual metaphors that underlie images of death in Poswiatowska poems. The images of death are built on personification of death and metaphors: death is departure, people are plants (and death is end of plant's vegetation). All these metaphors function in everyday language but the poet uses them creatively and builds her own vision of death especially interesting when based...
The article deals with the problem of syntactic position taken by an anthroponym in the structure of a proverb. Surnames in proverbs take place of a subject, an attribute, an object, an adverbial and a predicative. The last position does not mean that surname plays a predicative role. This function appears only when a surname is associated with certain meanings - when a surname functions partially...
Connections between the process of perception of reality, its cognition and verbalisation of concepts constitute main subject of cognitive linguistics but were noticed and described earlier. According to Jan Rozwadowski (1867-1935) language pictures the world, and changes in language are conditioned by the ways of world's perception by humans. The article presents also other conceptions of Rozwadowski...
The article deals with humoristic stories that use proper names. The material was excerpted from web portals. The authoress presents linguistic means characteristic to web communication. Because stories in the Internet are written, they may have more elaborated form, they may reach a wide range of receivers and they enable their author to create his image as a witty person.
The article deals with ways of presentation of feminine names of professions, titles, offices in the three dictionaries (Slownik współczesnego jezyka polskiego' ed. B. Dunaj, 'Inny slownik jezyka polskiego' ed. M. Banko, 'Uniwersalny slownik jezyka polskiego' ed. S. Dubisz). Not only derivates were considered but also other ways of indicating that a masculine noun may be used as feminine (ceasing...
This article deals with the role of facial expressions in communication process. Its main aim was to explain functions that facial expression may have when appearing on their own or in combination with other verbal or non-verbal behaviours. The article includes conclusions drawn by non-verbal behaviours investigators and linguists, that became the starting point for facial expressions studies. The...
Former analysis of dialectological material proved that it is necessary to formulate special procedures for description of dialectal word formation, different form procedures used in description of standard language. It is the result of a specific character of dialectal methodology - most of all consideration of space localisation of analysed material. The principles of classification of derivates...
The article describes vocabulary concerning semantic field POTATO. The examples illustrate diversity of terms in Wielkopolska - (detailed description of the forms in the language of selected villages in eastern, central, southern and western parts of the region - Adamów, Baranówko i Sowinki, Bukówiec Górny, Dabrówka Wielkopolska). The processes of unification of forms were observed and their connection...
The author presents dialectal phraseology of Polish and Slovakian borderland (Orawa, Podhale, Spisz). He emphasises so far unnoticed problems of interference: between dialects of Podtatrze and standard Polish and between dialects of Podtatrze and Slovakian language and dialects. The analysed material is compared with phraseology of other languages, especially Slavic. Cultural background is also taken...
The paper raises the problem of the status of word formation facts in a comprehensive description of the language. The authoress, referring to a discussion that has been going on for several years concerning the morphological or lexical character of derivates, presents additional arguments showing that word formation should be included in lexicology. The basis of this research are historical and linguistic...
The article presents the results of the analysis of nouns described in dictionaries as 'plurale tantum'. The authoress shows inconsistency of notation used inside single group of nouns and proposes to redefine the notion of 'plurale tantum': to consider the essence of the notion and not the frequency of plural and singular forms in texts. The semantic classification of such nouns was proposed and...
The analysis of the data shows that there are many irregular verb formations that do not fit into categorial description. The oldest data contains plenty of analogical formations. Derivatives of this type constitute important part of word formation not only because they are so frequent but also because they play certain role in evolution of derivational system, e.g. thanks to analogy meanings of root...
Point of issue in the article are aspects and parameters of comparative studies of different type of words' nests (word-formative, morphemic, lexico-semantic) within the framework of one or more languages. Most of the words' nests in categorization the world and the system organization of a lexicon of Slavic languages are marked. The first part of article presents studies of words' nests in the Ukrainian...
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