In the article, the author discusses different means, both linguistic and metalinguistic, employed by the insurgents during the conspiracy of Kosciuszko's Insurrection of 1794. The author's record of the use of these means has been gathered from the journalistic texts of that period. Predominant among them are lexical means, e.g. giving names to conspiratorial acts or to their participants. The metalinguistic means include primarily cryptonyms.