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The paper discuss a number of changes that the Biblical image of Moses underwent among Chinese intellectuals between the 1920s and 1930s. The author demonstrates that in the 1930s Moses was regarded mainly as an ideal leader. Chinese intellectuals were also interested in the God of Moses in the 1930s and a discussion of this is included with an explanation regarding Moses' role as a religious leader. Finally, Moses' relevance to nationalism in the 1930s and 1940s is addressed. Through the discussion of Moses' changing image, the paper attempts to display how the Old Testament became a continuous and important source of inspiration to modern Chinese intellectuals in their fight for China's revival and national rebuilding.