The paper analyses the layers of Vilnius identity revealed in the city atlas of Braun-Hogenberg. The information of the text and graphical figures is reviewed through a certain model of the structure of identity. Attempts are made to find natural (relief, waters, flora), cultural (political, economic, social, etnical-confessional) and anthropogenical (urban, architectural) peculiarities of Vilnius city, rendered in the atlas, and compare it with the other cities from the same source. The paper reveals the peculiarities of urban situation, the types and morfology of buildup, city poly-central character and features of capital city, characterization of citizenry as well as inaccuracies on confessional balance, network of streets, size of the city.