Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)

Items from 1 to 20 out of 308 results

article

Price squeezing and predatory pricing. Economic theory and judicial and regulatory practice

P. Valentiny

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review) > 2004 > 51 > 1 > 24-45

The article presents the concept of predatory pricing and price squeezing and the economic background to it, before examining what judicial practice has developed and what regulatory intervention there has been. The question of investigating predatory pricing and price squeezes has come to the fore recently because it has become clear since the liberalization of the network public services that liberalization...

article

Reasons for the spread of atypical work in the knowledge economy

K. Szabo, A. Negyesi

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review) > 2004 > 51 > 1 > 46-65

The fixed employment for an indefinite term previously typical of industrial society (bolstered by various privileges and safeguards) has been declining in the last decade or two. There has been an unstoppable spread by various forms of atypical employment, ranging from agency labour to remote working at back-up offices in the Third World. The article places atypical work within the conceptual frames...

article

The effect of term of production

A. Brody

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review) > 2004 > 51 > 1 > 66-76

Product life - term of production, or period of engagement or return, in other words - influences economic growth and the length of its possible cycles. The appropriate way of describing this effect is with the input-output model and various versions of it, which also allow calculations to be made. The 'elliptical production paths' of the Austrian school and their duration and variations become clear...

article

The choice of supply channels in the Hungarian fruit and vegetable sector - a case study

I. Ferto, G. Szabo-G

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review) > 2004 > 51 > 1 > 77-89

The agricultural reform in Hungary broke the previously vertically integrated agri-food system along various lines. The structures of agriculture, the food industry and food retailing have fundamentally changed, in ways that have also influenced the vertical governance structures in the sector. The aim of this paper is to investigate the choice of supply channels in the Hungarian fruit and vegetable...

article

A wasp's nest: The Economic Competition Office's role in shaping the vertical structure of competition

E. Voszka

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review) > 2004 > 51 > 1 > 1-23

The centralization the corporate structural system inherited from the planned economy acts as an impediment to market competition, so that many of the big, artificially created state-owned firms have to be broken up. An active part in doing so has to be played by the state, through the Economic Competition Office as 'guardian' of competition. The logic is clear, but a matter of dispute theoretically...

article

An international comparison of R and D activity, based on national statistics

B. Borsi, A. Telcs

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review) > 2004 > 51 > 2 > 153-172

The authors show what methods can be used to classify countries based on their statistics for research and development activity. The initial problem is that as many international tables can be compiled as there are indices employed. In the absence of standard statistical methods, selection among these becomes arbitrary. The solution recommended by the authors is to use compound tables compiled by...

article

Information and knowledge

J. Badics, A. Gomori

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review) > 2004 > 51 > 2 > 127-138

In models describing economic situations and phenomena in terms of decision-makers' behaviour, it is important to the solution of the model and results obtained from it to discover what decision-makers know about the situation, each other, each other's knowledge, knowledge of each others' knowledge, etc. The simplifying assumptions of the conceptual apparatus applied to describe this knowledge and...

article

The temporary real effect of nominal shocks in a two-sector model of growth

P. Benczur

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review) > 2004 > 51 > 2 > 101-126

The author employs a two-sector growth model to examine the effects of various nominal shocks (fiscal or exchange-rate) on sectors and production factors. He starts from the Neoclassical model of a small, open economy that expands through gradual adjustment of capital and the role of the money supply ('money into utility'). Consequently, a nominal shock (fiscal expansion or appreciation of the nominal...

article

State and market - housing subsidy, housing financing and reforms. Some international experiences

Zs. Daniel

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review) > 2004 > 51 > 2 > 139-152

Housing policy has undergone substantial and rapid change in Europe and other countries in the developed world. The post-socialist transition in Hungary also placed on the agenda such fundamental issues of transformation of the housing sector as the role of the state and the market or the extent and nature of subsidy. The article reviews experiences abroad in the last decade, highlighting and examining...

article

The views of Ferenc Deák on the national economy

Zs. Bekker

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review) > 2004 > 51 > 2 > 173-186

Ferenc Deák (1803-1876) was primarily a jurist and statesman. He did not deal with political economy in detail. However, as a jurist, he was faced with the economic content of laws and regulations and took positions that had economic bearings and effects, while as a statesman, he expressed opinions on essential economic-policy issues that reflected a decisive economic view of the world, backed up...

article

Risk testing and risk behaviour

J. Ulbert, A. Csanaky

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review) > 2004 > 51 > 3 > 235-258

This paper considers how so-called psychometric methods devised for risk-awareness measurement in sociological and cognitive psychological researches connected primarily with health risk can be used to determine indirectly the risk behaviour behind investment decisions. The methodological efforts to measure uncertainty, which have stretched and been repeatedly renewed over centuries, tend to push...

article

The economic and mathematical background to the Basel II internal ratings-based method and the theory of granularity correction

B. Janecsko

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review) > 2004 > 51 > 3 > 218-234

The article presents the economic model used to quantify credit risks under the Basel II capital accord, which is likely to come into force in 2007, and the mathematical background to this. It employs simplified assumptions to model insolvency courses (the probability of insolvency being proxied by a single common macroeconomic factor) and the size distribution of portfolio receivables (each negligible...

article

Regional economic effects of university researches in the light of international literature

A. Varga

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review) > 2004 > 51 > 3 > 259-275

Development of scientific and technical knowledge has become the prime growth factor behind modern economies. A big part in economic development is therefore played by universities, as institutions expanding and disseminating such knowledge. There is an extensive literature underlining the key role of local universities in establishing areas, such as Silicon Valley, Boston's 128th Street or the environs...

article

Housing credit, subsidy alternatives and affordability

J. Hegedus, E. Somogyi

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review) > 2004 > 51 > 3 > 193-217

Two new housing programmes launched by the Hungarian government in February 2000 marked a policy turning point. One set out to provide a system of housing loans, while the other sought to prevent local-government rented housing from being eliminated altogether. There was justification for both, but both these measures of housing policy failed to take into account the ambitions of households and the...

article

The employment consequences of the 2001 rise in the minimum wage

G. Kertesi, J. Kollo

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review) > 2004 > 51 > 4 > 293-324

The Hungarian government increased the minimum wage from HUF 25,500 to HUF 40,000 in January 2001. One year later, the wage floor rose further to HUF 50,000. The paper looks at the short-run impact of the first hike on small-firm employment and flows between employment and unemployment. It finds that the hike significantly increased labour costs and reduced employment in the small-firm sector and...

article

Employment mobility in small business between 1992 and 2001

E. Berde, A Scharle

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review) > 2004 > 51 > 4 > 346-361

Writers on structural change in the economy present the expansion of small business as one contributor to the process, but empirical analysis in Eastern Europe provides little support for this. The study's initial hypothesis was that the self-employed can change occupations more easily than the employed and thereby facilitate the structure-change process. Analysis of individual-level data from the...

article

Technological development, technological complementarity and structural change

A. Szalavetz

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review) > 2004 > 51 > 4 > 362-378

The paper looks at the relation between technological development and structural change. It tries to say whether technological development leads automatically to an increased level of specialization. The reverse side of the coin is also examined: whether industries in which a country specializes show a higher than average rate of technological development. Finally an opinion is formed on the old question...

article

The budgetary effects of the minimum wage

L. Halpern, M. Koren, G. Korosi, J. Vincze

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review) > 2004 > 51 > 4 > 325-345

Raising the minimum wage on the labour market has direct effects on supply and demand. But its indirect effects extend beyond the labour market. They are analysed here with a macro model that distinguishes three types of work and ten industries, whose firms differ in their price structures and the degrees to which tax and social-insurance payments are avoided. Raising the minimum wage generates tension...

article

How high can Hungary's sustainable growth rate be? I. Theoretical questions about sustainable economic growth

T Erdos

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review) > 2004 > 51 > 5 > 389-414

The central question with sustainable economic growth is what rate can be achieved in the long term alongside internal and external equilibrium and without irreparable harm to the natural environment. At a given employment level, the growth rate is ultimately determined by technical development, but the rate is not irrespective of the proportion of investment. But a reverse relation applies here....

article

Over-education, under-education and wage premiums on the Hungarian labour market, 1994-2002

P. Galasi

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review) > 2004 > 51 > 5 > 449-471

The paper looks at the impact of over-education and under-education on earnings in Hungary over the period 1994-2002, using a large set of cross-section data representative of employees. Schooling was measured in years of education, while required education was proxied by modal years of education in occupations, and the difference between employees' observed education and the modal education of their...

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Hungarian (303)
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Keywords

FISCAL POLICY (12)
HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT (8)
SOCIAL SECURITY (7)
EMPLOYMENT (6)
MONETARY POLICY (6)
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE (6)
VENTURE CAPITAL (6)
HUMAN CAPITAL (5)
LABOUR MARKET (5)
ANTITRUST ISSUES AND POLICIES (4)
BANKS (4)
BUDGET DEFICIT (4)
CAPITALIST SYSTEMS (4)
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (4)
ECONOMIC METHODOLOGY (4)
ENTREPRENEURSHIP (4)
EUROPEAN UNION (4)
GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM AND DISEQUILIBRIUM (4)
INNOVATION (4)
INTEREST RATES (4)
LABOR MARKET (4)
LIFE CYCLE MODELS AND SAVING (4)
MACROECONOMICS AND MONETARY ECONOMICS (4)
MICRO FINANCE INSTITUTIONS (4)
NETWORKS (4)
PENSION SYSTEMS (4)
PRIVATIZATION (4)
SOCIAL SECURITY AND PUBLIC PENSIONS (4)
SOCIALIST INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR TRANSITIONS (4)
SOCIALIST SYSTEMS AND TRANSITIONAL ECONOMIES (4)
ASYMMETRIC AND PRIVATE INFORMATION (3)
BUSINESS FLUCTUATIONS AND CYCLES (3)
CAPITAL AND OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE (3)
CENTRAL BANKS AND THEIR POLICIES (3)
COMPETITION (3)
COMPETITIVENESS (3)
CONSUMER ECONOMICS (3)
CONTRACTS AND REPUTATION (3)
FOREIGN EXCHANGE (3)
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (3)
INNOVATION AND INVENTION (3)
INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT (3)
INTERTEMPORAL CONSUMER CHOICE (3)
INVESTMENT BANKING (3)
LONG-TERM CAPITAL MOVEMENTS (3)
MINIMUM WAGE (3)
NEW FIRMS AND STARTUPS (3)
POLITICAL ECONOMY (3)
REDISTRIBUTION (3)
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (3)
RESTRUCTURING (3)
SOFT BUDGET CONSTRAINT (3)
STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (3)
TRANSACTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS (3)
TRANSITION ECONOMIES (3)
BANKS AND OTHER DEPOSITORY INSTITUTIONS (2)
BROKERAGE (2)
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF PARTICULAR ECONOMIES (2)
DEMOCRACY (2)
DEPOSITORY INSTITUTIONS (2)
DISCRIMINATION (2)
ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS (2)
ECONOMETRIC AND STATISTICAL METHODS (2)
ECONOMIC CYCLE (2)
ECONOMIC INTEGRATION (2)
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE (2)
ECONOMIC POLICY (2)
ECONOMICS - OTHER DISCIPLINES RELATION (2)
ECONOMICS OF REGULATION (2)
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (2)
EQUILIBRIUM (2)
FINANCIAL ECONOMICS (2)
FINANCIAL RISK AND RISK MANAGEMENT (2)
FIRM ORGANIZATION AND MARKET STRUCTURE (2)
FOOD INDUSTRY (2)
GAME THEORY (2)
GENERAL AGGREGATIVE MODELS (2)
GOVERNMENT POLICY (2)
GROWTH MODEL (2)
HIDDEN ECONOMY (2)
HIGHER EDUCATION (2)
HOUSING POLICY (2)
INCOME MOBILITY (2)
INCOMES POLICY (2)
INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY (2)
INFLATION (2)
INFLATION TARGETING (2)
INFORMATION AND MARKET EFFICIENCY (2)
INSURANCE (2)
INTER-TEMPORAL CONSUMER CHOICE (2)
INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS (2)
INTERNATIONAL LENDING AND DEBT PROBLEMS (2)
INVESTMENT (2)
LABOR PRODUCTIVITY (2)
LIQUIDITY (2)
MACROECONOMICS (2)
MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION AND R&D (2)
MARKET (2)
MARKET ECONOMY (2)
MOBILITY (2)
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INFONA - science communication portal

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)

Price squeezing and predatory pricing. Economic theory and judicial and regulatory practice

Reasons for the spread of atypical work in the knowledge economy

The effect of term of production

The choice of supply channels in the Hungarian fruit and vegetable sector - a case study

A wasp's nest: The Economic Competition Office's role in shaping the vertical structure of competition

An international comparison of R and D activity, based on national statistics

Information and knowledge

The temporary real effect of nominal shocks in a two-sector model of growth

State and market - housing subsidy, housing financing and reforms. Some international experiences

The views of Ferenc Deák on the national economy

Risk testing and risk behaviour

The economic and mathematical background to the Basel II internal ratings-based method and the theory of granularity correction

Regional economic effects of university researches in the light of international literature

Housing credit, subsidy alternatives and affordability

The employment consequences of the 2001 rise in the minimum wage

Employment mobility in small business between 1992 and 2001

Technological development, technological complementarity and structural change

The budgetary effects of the minimum wage

How high can Hungary's sustainable growth rate be? I. Theoretical questions about sustainable economic growth

Over-education, under-education and wage premiums on the Hungarian labour market, 1994-2002

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