POLONICA
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This article illustrates how the results of contrastive computer analyses of learner corpora can help to enhance the teaching of English writing to Polish learners. The first two sections of the paper lay the foundations for the practical implementation. The author defines a corpus in opposition to opportunistic collections and archives of texts, and relates corpus linguistics to other fields using...
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The present paper describes the general structure of the IPI PAN corpus of written Modern Polish and discusses the concept of stand-off annotation with respect to this corpus. It is shown that the adoption of the stand-off annotation system increases the effectiveness of the corpus in terms of production costs as well as in terms of its various possible future uses.
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The aim of this paper is to describe a morphosyntactic tagset used to mark up a large-scale corpus of Polish being developed at the Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences.The key point of this tagset is the notion offlaceme - a set of wordforms which inflect in a uniform way. Lexemes are seen as sets of flexemes. The paper discusses lemmentation and lemmatization of Polish text,...
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In the theoretical part, some methodological principles of application of quantitative methodology in linguistics of culture are presented. In the empirical part, frequencies of basic colour terms are analyzed in a multilingual corpus, representing ten Indo-European languages (Czech, English, French, Italian, Polish, Russian, Rumanian, Slovak, Spanish and Ukrainian). When ordered according to the...
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This article offers an analysis of the Polish infinitive in sentences like 'Uznal za stosowne wyjechac' (He considered it appropriate to leave). The analysis is couched in the structural framework. Syntactic dependencies, including agreement patterns and subcategorization, are discussed and arguments are presented against treating expressions like 'uznac za stosowne' as idiomatic.
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This article shows that the adverbs 'szybko' (quickly) and 'wolno' (slowly) are monosemic. Both adverbs modify the temporal extent of the change involved in the lexical meaning of the verbal predicate, as well as the time span between the individual changes taking place. The adverb 'szybko' specifies the extent as short, while for 'wolno' the time span in which the change takes place is long. As modifiers...
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The aim of this article is to characterise the syntactic and semantic properties of three reporting predicates: 'oglosic' (announce), obwiescic' (notify), and 'zawiadomic' (inform). The analysis comprises syntactic constructions in which the predicates are used to perform the speech act of reporting information.The article discusses two kinds of structure with 'oglosic': 'ktos oglosil komus cos/(to),...
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This paper investigates the relationships between determiners and adjectives from the perspective of X-bar syntax. The point of departure for the study is the approach to determiners analysed as dependents in the noun phrase put forward by K. Wegrzynek and I. Bobrowski. The multi-layered structure of the noun phrase proposed by K. Wegrzynek and I. Bobrowski is compared with the linear approach of...
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This article discusses lexical influences of Polish on Bulgarian based on an analysis of selected lexicographical sources. The analysis of the lexical resources has revealed some special lexical relationships between the two languages and has led to a typological classification of borrowings. The article comments on the lexical entries of over sixty Polish borrowings into Bulgarian, taking into account...
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This article deals with a preliminary characterization of so-called 'agentive verbs of visual perception', with particular reference 'popatrzec' (look). The most basic structures with 'patrzec' are addressed, i.e. 'ktos patrzy na cos' (someone is looking at something) and 'ktos patrzy gdzies/w jakims kierunku' (someone is looking somewhere/in some direction). Grzesiak's (1983,1985) interpretation,...
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Proper names and (geographical and ethnic) proper nouns which appear in 'Rozmyslanie przemyskie' (The Przemysl Meditation), a medieval religious text, are mostly of Biblical origin and were borrowed into Polish from Latin manuscripts. This paper discusses the adaptation processes that such nouns undergo in Polish texts, their origins, frequency of use, as well as the principles of their interpretation...
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In early 1920's, based on an investigation into a large number of languages, Otto Behaghel formulated a law accounting for the ordering of elements in juxtapositions. When the elements that are linked are of the same level, a shorter one tends to precede a longer one (where length is usually measured in syllables). Behaghel observed further that this basic order can only be reversed for semantic reasons...
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This article presents a project aiming at the construction of a large morphosyntactically and structurally annotated corpus of Polish. The project, realized at the Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences between April 2001 and March 2004, is partially financed by the State Committee for Scientific Research (KBN). While particular solutions concerning the linguistic and XML annotation...
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This paper revisits the problem of the structural analysis of nominal structures with a quantifying element, including a numeral of the 'piec' (five)-type or a (vague) quantifier of the 'troche' (a little)-type in Polish. Owing to the complex internal and external patterns of case and agreement morphology found with such structures, the quantifying element is generally regarded either as a head which...
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This article overviews the main themes in Russian studies on (especially epistemic) modality and presents selected recent research in this area. The approach to modality in Russian linguistics has gradually become subjective, encompassing all the attitudes and opinions of the speaker towards the utterance, its propositional content, as well as the addressee. Since 1990's modality has been analyzed...
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The author presents the results of recent research carried out at the Department of Old Polish, of the Institute of Polish Laguage of the Polish Academy of Sciences, into the 14th and 15th century lexicons (letters A through C). Its results manifest an urgent need for a new edition of the 'Slownik staropolski' (Old Polish Dictionary). The lexical items collected by the author were not included in...
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According to the present writer, in all languages the form of words depends not on two, but on three main factors: not only on regular sound change and analogical development, but also on what he calls irregular sound change due to frequency. The purpose of the article is to analyze words which underwent irregular sound change due to frequency in this etymological dictionary of Old Church Slavic,...
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The aim of this article is to define the grammatical, pragmatic and semantic properties of metatextual expressions containing 'i' (and), which close off an utterance. It is shown here that expressions like 'i po ptakach' (and that's that) are separable and have features characteristic of interjections. Phrases like'i basta' (and that's the end of it) are inseparable and therefore, they should be regarded...
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The authoress presents some critical remarks against the commonly-held view that Leopolita's Bible was translated by Leonard Niezabitowski, a Dominican. Included is a summary of an unpublished manuscript by Rev. S. B. Migdal, in which the author made a claim (but fell short of supporting it satisfactorily) that Leopolita's Bible was in fact translated by Stanislaw ze Lwowa, a Franciscan. The present...
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The authors present a project for the concordance of the Bible based on the available medieval Polish texts. The project is illustrated with Chapter 13 of the First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians. E. Belcarzowa's long-term studies on the Old Polish glosses to 14th and 15th century Latin sermons manifest a need for collecting all the surviving translations of the Bible into Old Polish...
