The article presents the history of the Polish emigration to Israel and the Palestinian Autonomy and the characteristics of particular groups of emigrants. The first emigrants from Poland, mostly pilgrims, began to come to the present day territory of the Palestinian Autonomy and Israel already in the Middle Ages. They were by no means numerous. The situation changed considerably at the beginning of the 20th century when the Zionist ideology became popular, and after the World War II. According to statistics in the years 1918-1970 between 350 000 and 400 000 Polish emigrants came to the territory in question. As many of them arrived before or shortly after the formation of the Israel State, their position in that country is high. Though they often do not speak any Polish, they are aware of their origin. Another group of Poles in Israel and the Palestinian Autonomy constitute Polish (Christian) wives of Polish Jews or Arabian students, still another gather members of the Polish clergy. The so-called bread emigration in Israel is not that numerous, around 8 000 persons, and their situation is very difficult, as they have no possibility to legalize their stay in that country.