It is an understood thing that disorders of mood are very frequent in the developed countries and that gender is an important risk factor in point of view of their development. The studies all over the world show that mood disturbances are twice as much frequent among women than men. From this point of view cycles and some periods of women mean especially vulnerable times of their life. Because of that to understand mental disorders connecting pregnancy, delivering, childbearing is very important for health professionals. The authors focus especially on maternity blues from the postnatal psychiatric disorders. They introduce its symptoms, the frequency of that in the population by references. The main risk factors in developing mood disturbance are reviewed in detail. The paper stresses the possibility of prevention and the importance of supportive follow-up.