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Membership of the European Union has a many-sided influence on the operation of the agricultural sector and rural community in Poland. The most significant changes stem from inclusion in the uniform market and subordination to the common agricultural policy. Owing to the substantial and not fully utilised competitive potential of Polish agriculture the reforms implemented so far, which separate support for agricultural incomes from decisions concerning production, have strengthened the sector's position on the common market. Although the intervention system applied within the common organisation of markets has not proved effective in all the segments its general assessment is positive. Consecutive reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy are not only a chance for its adjustment to the specific expectations of Poland but also a challenge - it is necessary to constantly improve effectiveness in promoting Polish goals in this process.