Etyka (Ethics)

Items from 1 to 20 out of 31 results

article

THE BRIGHT AND THE DARK SIDE OF COURAGE

S. Konstanczak

Etyka (Ethics) > 2004 > 37 > 157-171

Courage, in general opinion, is a virtue which characterizes only a part of human population, and its existence does not show any significant correlation with any determinant of biological nature. The virtues are often described as constant dispositions for a generally good behavior in any situation. There are, however, virtues which become discernible in specific situations only. It seems theoretically...

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CRACOW ACADEMIC ETHICS AGAINST THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

M. Markowski

Etyka (Ethics) > 2004 > 37 > 13-48

The author analyzes thoroughly the history of the Cracow academic ethics in the Jagiellonian Century and stresses the need for dividing it into two periods. The first dates from around 1400 and the second starts in the sixties of the XVth century. Viewed from the standpoint of prevailing moral thinking, one may notice that Cracovian moral philosophers (Cracoviensis via communis) were mainly engaged...

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NORMATIVITY IN HOBBES' CONCEPTION OF LAW

S. Szymanski

Etyka (Ethics) > 2004 > 37 > 249-267

The paper concerns conception of law presented in Hobbes' 'Leviathan'. The author argues that for Hobbes the ultimate source of the binding force (normativity) of law is the sovereign's will, and reasons for that are 'technical'. The sovereign creates laws, because he is a representative of the state ('moral' or 'artificial' person) which is the real author of the law. However, the existence of the...

article

THE AFFIRMATION OF THE WORLD AND LIFE IN THE TAO PHILOSOPHY

B. Misiuna

Etyka (Ethics) > 2004 > 37 > 173-193

This article provides a short outline of the Chinese philosophy represented by Chuang Tzu and Lao Tzu. The philosophy is known as Taoism and derives its name from the word 'tao' (Way). It has been observed that: (1) Taoists believe that human beings can understand a way of the world, and should follow such knowledge if they and the world are to exist in harmony; (2) The Taoist Sage, by contrast to...

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WHERE DOES THE ACCEPTANCE FOR THE THEFT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY COME FROM?

K. Wigura, J. Kuisz

Etyka (Ethics) > 2004 > 37 > 195-214

This paper deals with the ethical aspects of intellectual property infringements and their common acceptance today. The key issue discussed is the influence the ontological quality of an object may have on choices made by a moral agent. The authors argue that there is a correlation between the immateriality of intellectual property and the frequency of theft associated with it. In the first part,...

article

PHILIP THE CHANCELLOR TREATISE ON 'SYNDERESIS'

A. Górniak

Etyka (Ethics) > 2004 > 37 > 103-109

Philip the Chancellor authored the first scholastic treatise on 'synderesis' (pre-conscience). He understands it as a rational power that has a natural and inalienable ability to distinguish between good and evil. Philip holds that 'synderesis' is the foundation of morality: it is the spring and principle of free choice, conscience and righteousness (rectitudo) or the ability to decipher the rules...

article

SOME COMMENTS ON METAETHICAL VIEWS OF K. TWARDOWSKI

D. Lukasiewicz

Etyka (Ethics) > 2004 > 37 > 215-226

The paper deals with some ambiguities in Twardowski's account of ethics. The author focuses on finding more accurate interpretation of Twardowski's views on values. In his attempt at fulfilling the task author quotes and later comments on some ways of understanding Twardowski's views. His major concern is with answering the question whether Twardowski finds value (good) a specific feature of an object,...

article

MARTIN HEIDEGGER'S THINKING OF THE GROUND OF ETHICS

K. Stachewicz

Etyka (Ethics) > 2004 > 37 > 127-138

The paper focuses on Martin Heidegger's ethics and axiology. Preliminary remarks present some problems concerning ethical issues in the thought of early and late Heidegger. The principally anti-axiological and somewhat anti-ethical attitude of the German existentialist turns out to contradict the concepts of ethics and of value theory, but not ethical data itself. Heidegger thinks of morality and...

article

AELRED OF RIEVAULX'S THEORY OF FRIENDSHIP

M. Czubak

Etyka (Ethics) > 2004 > 37 > 69-84

Aelred of Rievaulx, a Cistercian thinker, is counted among the greatest 'apostles of friendship'. His treatises seem to be an excellent introduction to the theory of friendship. The analysis of Aelred's claims about spiritual friendship is intended to explore the degree of their correspondence with Ciceros concept of friendship. In his works Aelred referred to the ideas of the Roman philosopher: he...

article

SELECTED PROBLEMS OF MEDIEVAL MUSLIM ETHICS

K. Pachniak

Etyka (Ethics) > 2004 > 37 > 111-124

Islamic ethics was shaped by Qur'anic principles, pre-Islamic relics, broadly understood 'adab' tradition, classical Greek philosophy, and mysticism. The article shortly presents the formation of the Islamic ethics, and its basic assumptions. It also includes examples of ethical problems taken from Miskawayh (d. 1030) and Al-Ghazali (d. 1111). The latter attempted a reconciliation of the common ethics...

article

DISPUTE OVER PREDESTINATION IN CAROLINIAN RENAISSANCE - 'DE PRAEDESTINATIONE' OF JOHN THE SCOT ERIUGENA

M. Michalowska

Etyka (Ethics) > 2004 > 37 > 49-68

John the Scot Eriugena, the main figure of the ninth century philosophy, was involved in the most original debates of the Carolingian Renaissance i.e. in the controversy over double predestination. Having examined the problem and having refuted the concept presented by his opponent Gottschalk of Orbais, Eriugena emphasized the role of reason, and introduced semantic and rhetoric, which was an innovative...

article

YEARNING FOR PERFORMATIVE IDENTITY

J. Klimczyk

Etyka (Ethics) > 2004 > 37 > 227-247

The authoress discusses the revived concept of identity which is common in contemporary political philosophy. This concept suggests that the question 'who are you?' should be answered by reference to one's actions and engagements. She calls this notion of identity 'performative identity' whose paradigmatic example is H. Arendt's concept of identity. Recognizing the merits of such an account of identity,...

article

'CORRECTING THE TERMS' OF THE ETHICS FOR SCHOLARS AND JOURNALISTS

J. Gockowski

Etyka (Ethics) > 2004 > 37 > 139-155

The paper deals with the moral problem of using proper names by scholars and journalists. The author gives several examples of 'mistaken language' in the two fields and proposes to apply to it the Confucian concept of 'cheng-ming' (propering of names). This concept reveals that the main problem is fallacious understanding, naming, and treatment of agents who play their social roles in 'everyday life...

article

MEDIEVAL ECONOMY ETHICS

M. Bukala

Etyka (Ethics) > 2004 > 37 > 85-101

Medieval economics and economy ethics were closely interconnected. Ethical issues inspired scholastic masters to conduct economic analysis. These issues were present in two types of scholastic texts: 1) in theological treatises and summas as the part of practical theology; 2) in commentaries to Aristotelian moral philosophy, especially to 'Nicomachean ethics', 'Politics', and 'Economics'. The main...

article

MARIA OSSOWSKA - AN INDEPENDENT SCHOLAR

K. Kicinski, E. Neyman, J. Kurczewski, E. Nowicka, more

Etyka (Ethics) > 2005 > 38 > 15-180

In the present issue of 'Etyka' the proceedings of the conference held in December 2004 to commemorate the 30th anniversary of Maria Ossowska's death are published. It contains the authors papers that were presented as well as short opinions and views of the panel discussants. At the time she begun her academic career Maria Ossowska had to overcome significant difficulties to win recognition in a...

article

CAN WE UNDERSTAND EACH OTHER? ETHICS IN THE TIMES OF DIVERSITY

M. Maciejewska

Etyka (Ethics) > 2006 > 39 > 87-98

The main questions of the text are whether persons committed to different values can reach agreement, how they can achieve it, and what kind of ethics can be open to such an agreement if discrimination is to be avoided at the same time. Taking the discussion between R. Rorty and C. Geertz as the starting point, the authoress argues that we should abandon the concepts of ethnocentrism and relativism...

article

THE (UN)CONSCIOUSNESS OF ANIMALS AND THEIR MORAL STATUS. HOW CAN ONE RECONCILE ETHICS WITH THE PHILOSOPHY OF MIND

M. Kittel

Etyka (Ethics) > 2006 > 39 > 99-114

Philosophers of mind are beginning to take an important part in the debate about the moral status of animals. However, some of the most promising contemporary theories of consciousness imply that animals cannot suffer like human beings. This claim is unacceptable for many scholars concerned about animal welfare. Moreover, it is equally troublesome for those ethicists who take the ability to suffer...

article

ON THE PRACTICAL REALISM

M. Przelecki

Etyka (Ethics) > 2006 > 39 > 15-20

Practical realism is the ethical conception of Tadeusz Kotarbinski, which has met with serious criticism - first of all by Henryk Elzenberg. The author of the article considers some aspects of that criticism correct. He also tries to show how the criticism can be avoided by offering an interpretation of the postulate of practical realism suggested by some earlier texts of Kotarbinski. So understood,...

article

WHAT ELSE CAN WE LEARN FROM TADEUSZ KOTARBINSKI?

J. Dudek

Etyka (Ethics) > 2006 > 39 > 34-47

In this article the authoress discusses the influence of Tadeusz Kotarbinski's work on the academic achievements of Maria Ossowska. Her analysis is based on the polemic between the two scholars. She begins by pointing out considerable differences between the two scholars. They have different views on both the subject of ethics and its methodological requirements, and on what moral standard of evaluation...

article

THE NATURALISTIC JUSTIFICATION OF INDEPENDENT ETHICS

J. Wolenski

Etyka (Ethics) > 2006 > 39 > 7-14

Kotarbinski's theoretical philosophy is close to naturalism. Hence, we have a question of how his independent ethics is related to axiological naturalism. This paper proposes a naturalistic justification of the ethics of the reliable guardian. In particular, the postulates of independent ethics can be interpreted as concerned with the question of how moral equilibrium (in the statistical sense) is...

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Keywords

POLISH PHILOSOPHY (20TH C.) (4)
EMOTIONS (2)
ETHICS (2)
LVOV-WARSAW SCHOOL (2)
PHILOSOPHY OF FRENCH ENLIGHTENMENT (2)
'HONORABLE MAN' (1)
AELFRED OF RIEVAULX (1)
ARISTOTLE (1)
AXIOLOGICAL FEELING (1)
AXIOLOGICAL NATURALISM (1)
CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE (1)
CHUANG TZU (1)
COGNITIVE SCIENCES (1)
COURAGE (1)
ECONOMY ETHICS (1)
EMPATHY (1)
ETHICAL STANDARD CONSTRUCTION (1)
ETHICS IN ACADEMIC CRACOV (1)
ETHICS OF RELIABLE GUARDIAN (1)
ETHICS OF VALUE (1)
EUDAIMONIA (1)
EXTERNALISM AND INTERNALISM IN ETHICS (1)
HEIDEGGER'S ETHICS (1)
HOBBES' CONCEPTION OF LAW (1)
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY THEFT (1)
JOHN THE SCOT ERIUGENA (1)
JUDGMENT'S PROCESS (1)
KANT'S ETHICS (1)
LANGUAGE'S RESTORATION (1)
LAO TZU (1)
METAETHICS (1)
MISTAKEN LANGUAGE (1)
MORAL INTUITION (1)
MORAL SATISFACTION (1)
MORAL STATUS OF ANIMALS (1)
MORAL VALUES (1)
MULTICULTURALISM (1)
MUSLIM ETHICS (1)
NATURALISM (1)
OSSOWSKA MARIA - INDEPENDENT SCHOLAR (1)
PERFORMATIVE IDENTITY (1)
PHILIP THE CHANCELLOR (1)
PHILOSOPHY OF MIND (1)
POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY (1)
PRACTICAL REALISM (1)
PSYCHOLOGICAL EGOISM (1)
RATIONALIST ETHICS (1)
RECOGNITION (1)
SOCIAL CONTRACT (1)
SYNDERESIS (1)
THEORIES OF CONSCIOUSNESS (1)
TWARDOWSKI'S METAETHICAL VIEWS (1)
UTILITARIANISM (1)
VIRTUE ETHICS (1)
VIRTUES (1)
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Etyka (Ethics)

THE BRIGHT AND THE DARK SIDE OF COURAGE

CRACOW ACADEMIC ETHICS AGAINST THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

NORMATIVITY IN HOBBES' CONCEPTION OF LAW

THE AFFIRMATION OF THE WORLD AND LIFE IN THE TAO PHILOSOPHY

WHERE DOES THE ACCEPTANCE FOR THE THEFT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY COME FROM?

PHILIP THE CHANCELLOR TREATISE ON 'SYNDERESIS'

SOME COMMENTS ON METAETHICAL VIEWS OF K. TWARDOWSKI

MARTIN HEIDEGGER'S THINKING OF THE GROUND OF ETHICS

AELRED OF RIEVAULX'S THEORY OF FRIENDSHIP

SELECTED PROBLEMS OF MEDIEVAL MUSLIM ETHICS

DISPUTE OVER PREDESTINATION IN CAROLINIAN RENAISSANCE - 'DE PRAEDESTINATIONE' OF JOHN THE SCOT ERIUGENA

YEARNING FOR PERFORMATIVE IDENTITY

'CORRECTING THE TERMS' OF THE ETHICS FOR SCHOLARS AND JOURNALISTS

MEDIEVAL ECONOMY ETHICS

MARIA OSSOWSKA - AN INDEPENDENT SCHOLAR

CAN WE UNDERSTAND EACH OTHER? ETHICS IN THE TIMES OF DIVERSITY

THE (UN)CONSCIOUSNESS OF ANIMALS AND THEIR MORAL STATUS. HOW CAN ONE RECONCILE ETHICS WITH THE PHILOSOPHY OF MIND

ON THE PRACTICAL REALISM

WHAT ELSE CAN WE LEARN FROM TADEUSZ KOTARBINSKI?

THE NATURALISTIC JUSTIFICATION OF INDEPENDENT ETHICS

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