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The joint project of Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Budapest and the Czech Academy of Sciences in Prague Computational Lexicology and Dialogue Research has inspired not only specific approaches to new linguistic research, but has also directed attention toward the history of Hungarian and Czech linguistic description. Some previously hidden parallels in lexicography, grammar and corpus projects...
The aim of this paper is to outline, comment upon and illustrate some new subjects (prototypicality, cognitive models, etc.) which cognitive linguistics offers to the traditional theory of terminology and to the semantic analysis of specialized terms. The paper therefore deals with questions such as: What significance does cognitive information (reflecting a naive, non-specialized view of the world)...
The article analyzes the usage of so-called rhetorical questions in Czech televised debates about politics or other public topics such as culture. The author considers a rhetorical question to be an utterance which has the form of an interrogative, but whose communicative function is that of a statement, or - to be more exact - a statement which contains some personal commitment of the speaker, i...
The present article aims to shed some light on the combinability of verbs, nouns and adjectives with prepositions - a phenomenon which is common both in Slovene and in English, but has not been extensively commented on by Slovene linguists. In Anglo-American linguistics, such combinations with prepositions are basically divided into two groups, which tend to be named differently by authors of different...
In this paper, it is claimed that the artistic vision of the world is not very different from the linguistic picture of the world and that creative use of language (i.e. artistic or journalistic texts, advertisements, or even colloquial texts) can contain valuable, indeed, sometimes fundamental data for a reconstruction of the conceptual system encoded in the language. Examples of texts are provided,...
This article explores the role of metonymic semantic relationships in the derivation of words via suffixation in Czech. Most scholarly work on metonymy has focused on the use of one word to substitute for another word, as when we say redhead to refer to a whole person. A similar semantic relationship is present when we form a word like brichac 'person with a (big) belly' from the noun bricho 'belly'...
This article relates to the international project on the linguistic-cultural picture of the world of the Slavs and their neighbors. The author proposes that the project address questions relating to the values underlying the linguistic picture of the world in the national languages under study, their hierarchy, the system they constitute, and above all the question of understanding of these values...
This study sketches a semantic analysis of three Czech words - domov (home), svedomi (conscience), and klid (rest, quiet, calm) - in comparison with their English translation equivalents. It is argued that they are key words in Havel's thought in that they represent recurring concepts in his writing that cut across both time periods (the pre- and post-1989 Havel) as well as genres. The import of these...
The paper presents the picture of pain in Polish, as represented by numerous expressions figuring the lexeme bol 'pain'. The expressions were documented either in dictionaries of Polish or in the PWN Corpus of Polish. The main focus is on conceptual metonymies and metaphors used by speakers and writers of Polish to think and talk about pain. It discusses the way they understand experiencing pain,...
Word-formation is the ‘border zone' between linguistic system and linguistic usage. Langacker's usage-based approach to language represents an attempt to describe and explain a linguistic system as a product of cognitive processes (e.g. perception, attention, categorization, memory). This paper proposes an alternative approach to the description and explanation of semantic characteristics of Czech...
The paper deals with two questions. The first question concerns the range of the 'mental picture' of a denoted object, created in the thought of a speaker. Classical (structural) linguistics and logical semantics concentrates on the essential features of the object (the necessary and sufficient conditions to reckon the object as a member of the considered class), whilst cognitive linguistics tends...
The major function of the dream book as a genre is the evaluation of entities as ‘good' or ‘bad', which is also the basis for the interpretation of dream images. Therefore, on the basis of dream books, it is possible to reconstruct the values of folk culture. The relevant texts are of the following type: eggs mean gossip, lice mean money, a ring - a wedding, in which the first element is a dream image...
The research group from Humanities Laboratory at Lund University, Sweden, presents three strands of research on language and cognition where eye-tracking methodology has been used as a window on the mind. The paper includes: (1) eye tracking studies on picture viewing and picture description showing the dynamics of how speakers perceive, conceptualize and spontaneously describe complex visual scenes...
This paper presents an analysis of the 'rhetorical plural' as used in the prose of Vera Linhartova, namely in her Povidka nesouvisla (An incoherent story), included in the prose collection Prostor k rozliseni (Space to Discriminate, 1964), and in two texts from the collection Mezipruzkum nejbliz uplynuleho (Interim Research into the Most Recent Past, 1964), entitled Totez pozdeji and Raci kanon na...
This article provides a theoretical and practical response to the so-called Concept of Minimal Intervention (CMI) first outlined in Cvrcek (2008a), and later expanded upon in Cvrcek (2008b). The theoretical part uses the analogy with Macura's (1995) analysis of the early National Revival discourse and presents examples of (un)successful interventions into the language to provide textual proof that...
The article focuses on the subject of classification of commemorative place names. The main purpose of the research is to show the relation between the motivation for the place name and its linguistic form, i.e. the toponymic models and particular formants used to create a place name. The specificity of commemorative place names is illustrated on the one hand through the use of traditional toponymic...
The present article is a tentative description of prenuclear intonation in Czech within the framework of autosegmental theory, which has been applied to Czech prosody only marginally so far. After discussing the advantages and drawbacks of this kind of stylization, it puts forward a structured set of pitch accents, elementary building blocks of sentence intonation, intended for the annotation of intonation...
In Czech linguistics research, semi-subordinate clauses, which are typical for spoken Czech, are most often classified as a type of parenthesis, while in the research conducted abroad they are connected with the issue of evidentiality. In this article, they are delimited as sentences restricting the validity of the content of the main clause, in transition between determination and parenthesis. These...
In this paper, we deal with locative semantic diathesis in Czech from a lexicographic point of view. We consider semantic diathesis as a specific relation between semantically similar syntactic constructions which are characterized by changes in the valency structure of verbs. These changes arise from the changes in the correspondence of semantic participants and valency complementations and vary...
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