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The great success of Marrism in the Soviet Union during more than 20 years (from 1925-1930 to 1950) cannot be explained on a merely political basis. The life and work of O. M. Freidenberg, a philologist, specialist in the culture of the antiquity, professor at Leningrad University and cousin of B. Pasternak, permit us to propose another explanation: in 1920-1930, Marrist linguistics corresponded to...
Based on the generally recognized close relationship between functional sentence perspective (FSP) and semantics, this paper concentrates on the treatment of the semantic component of this relationship in the works of Vilem Mathesius, Bohumil Trnka and members of the Brno school. While Mathesius laid the foundations of the theory, Trnka touched upon it only in a general outline. A detailed elaboration...
In this paper, it is claimed that the artistic vision of the world is not very different from the linguistic picture of the world and that creative use of language (i.e. artistic or journalistic texts, advertisements, or even colloquial texts) can contain valuable, indeed, sometimes fundamental data for a reconstruction of the conceptual system encoded in the language. Examples of texts are provided,...
The article is concerned with the critical analysis of some aspects of the methodology and language theory on which Mluvnice současné češtiny [Grammar of Contemporary Czech] (Cvrček et al. 2010) is based. First, the statement by the authors of Mluvnice současné češtiny concerning the character of the description of language and its relationship to reality is criticized. Specifically, it is argued...
Enantiosemy describes a situation in which a lexical unit acquires opposing meanings as a result of long-term semantic development. In this article, using several examples from Old Czech, I show how the enantiosemic status of words results from the development of lexical units or (sub-)systems. In the first example, the verb ublížit (to harm) has gained (on the background of words blízký, bližní,...
The goal of this contribution is to show to what extent (if at all) the inventory of lexical means used for expressing contemporary greetings is a reflection of ancient formulas found in texts of the old IE languages, and what the meaning of greetings was in the past. It is generally assumed that the symbolism of greetings stems from the superstitious fear of the absolute dependence on supernatural...
The article deals with the use of the reciprocal marker jeden – druhý in contemporary Czech. As I show in the introductory section, although bipartite quantifiers of this type are quite common means of expressing reciprocity across languages, the situation in Czech has not been devoted much attention so far. I thus analyze 1000 randomly selected attestations of the expression jeden – druhý from the...
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