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The Czech passive participle is often considered a bookish form whose usage is confined to written language, especially to technical and specialized literature. Czech speakers often use 'the long form' of the respective deverbative adjective instead of the passive participle and they do so ever more frequently, not only when speaking but often also when writing in Literary Czech. This situation has...
This article examines selected variations in spoken Czech in two sub-corpora of the Czech National Corpus: the Prague Spoken Corpus (PSC) and the Brno Spoken Corpus (BSC). These include the prothetic 'v-' at the beginning of words starting with 'o-', variations in case endings of hard stem adjectives and the third person indicative plural endings in major verb classes, as well as the usage of the...
In confronting F. de Saussure's 'Cours de linguistique générale' with S. Kauffman's 'Investigations', it is possible to observe a hint of convergence of understanding the system, its development. Nevertheless, in grasping the language metaphor of life, what I primarily find is a clear correspondence between neo-Darwinism and linguistic structuralism (in relation to evolution, or more precisely to...
In this paper, we present a follow-up and modification of the approach to the description of reciprocal constructions taken in Panevová (1999) (see Sections 1 and 2). Inherent lexical reciprocity as a part of lexical meaning is distinguished from reciprocal constructions which are syntactic. The syntactic operation of reciprocalization could be applied to the verbs from three classes proposed in Sections...
Assume a semantic space demarcated by a set of lexical units occurring in a text. Their transition into word forms is a dynamic semantic process connected with the collocation of the units in text segments. The aim is to find semantic constructs and constituents and to apply Menzerath-Altmann's law, which defines the relationship of language constructs and constituents to the semantic text level....
The genitive of the Czech cardinal numerals 3 and 4, in addition to its regular forms 'tri', 'ctyri', has also had the analogous forms 'trech', 'ctyrech' for many decades. The latter forms appeared in Mluvnice cestiny 2 (Komárek et al. 1986) within the paradigms for these numerals; nevertheless, their value was (roughly) indicated as informal. Among the changes in the codification of Czech that took...
In the framework of the functional-semantic analysis of the system of the complex sentence, the paper deals with commenting subordinate clauses with the connective 'jak'. These clauses cannot be classified as one of the basic types of subordinate clauses (adverbial clauses, content clauses, etc.): they are on the periphery of the concept of the subordinate clause, at a point of transition between...
In this article, the author 1) defines the scope of attitudes towards Eastern wisdom in European humanities from ancient times up to the present (Plotinos, Schopenhauer, Eliade, etc.), 2) characterizes the essence of the basic barriers which block the instrumental employment of the above-mentioned texts in humanistic research, 3) points out model cases of explicit (Schopenhauer) and implicit (Heidegger)...
When seeking order in the chaos of contemporary approaches to speech communication and its assumptions, it is possible to begin with the fact that the langue-parole opposition (or the competence-performance opposition in some frameworks) is no longer a methodological universal. It thus follows that one criterion for the differentiation of approaches consists in the differences in establishing the...
This is a critical assessment of the claims and arguments given in the article by Cermák, Sgall, and Vybiral (2006). Examining individual statements in this article, the present paper finds, among others, that 1) there is not enough evidence in the article for what is said about the history and the present state of language management in the Czech Republic as well as about the treatment of the Czech...
This article is a continuation of our previous paper (Nebesky & Novak 1996) in which the partial stages between a sentence and its syntactic analysis were established. Their definition was based on the specific features of a sentence, called sentence factors, which can be blocked in the actual realization of the sentence. In addition to the word order, two other sentence factors were considered:...
This paper outlines the basics of the Prague School concept of language cultivation and main features of how it has been put into practice in the Czech Republic, and compares this approach with current language planning in Sweden. The paper aims at (1) placing the Prague School concept of language cultivation within the framework of international sociolinguistics, (2) pointing out that this concept...
The author poses the question of when the norm of the standard language is in a normal state. This state correlates with a normal state of the users of this language which is based on a genuine feeling of normality. This feeling originates in a basic socialization situation in which an individual acquires a language norm as well as other types of standardization in a natural way. When the 'artificial'...
Not only does pluricentric German display characteristic features of Standard Average European, but it also comprises several distinguishing features in various contact areas with Baltic, Finno-Ugrian and Slavic languages. Therefore, it seems justified to speak not only of one Central European language area, but of several varyingly distinct and overlapping language contact areas in Central Europe...
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