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The author analyses the notion of civil service with regard to a group of employees of the government administration (public officials) for whom a special law exists, set out in the Constitution. Due to the vagueness and diversity of terms used both in the Polish Constitution and in legal acts, there are disputes in the judicature and doctrine as for the scope of this law. These disputes are difficult...
Mobbing, understood as persistent and long-lasting bullying of an employee, was defined in the labour law already in 2004. The Polish regulations explicitly condemn mobbing and provide legal means for protecting against it. In practice, however, it is extremely difficult to prove that mobbing has actually taken place. Referring to the doctrine and judicature, the author presents the definition of...
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