The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
Investment portfolios generally contain assets from several countries. It is necessary to both convert the returns of the various securities into referential currency and calculate the portfolio returns in that currency. Exchange rates allow the quotes of a security in one currency to be converted into its equivalent value in another currency. Therefore it is possible to express the value of foreign assets in the currency of the country that has been chosen as a reference. This problem becomes even more complicated when investment fund or investors operate in many countries. In this article exchange rates are briefly presented and calculation formulas are explained when returns are either hedged or not hedged against currency risk.