Molecular Genetic Testing in Pain and Addiction:
Facts, Fiction and Clinical Utility

Kenneth Blum; Mary Hauser; James Fratantonio; Rajendra D. Badgaiyan

doi:10.1515/addge-2015-0001

Molecular Genetic Testing in Pain and Addiction: Facts, Fiction and Clinical Utility

Kenneth Blum, Mary Hauser, James Fratantonio, Rajendra D. Badgaiyan

Source

Addiction Genetics > 2015 > 2 > 1

Abstract

The Brain Reward Cascade (BRC) is an interaction of neurotransmitters and their respective genes to control the amount of dopamine released within the brain. Any variations within this pathway, whether genetic or environmental (epigenetic), may result in addictive behaviors as well as altered pain tolerance. While there are many studies claiming a genetic association with addiction and other behavioral infractions, defined as Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS), not all are scientifically accurate and in some case just wrong. Albeit our bias, we discuss herein the facts and fictions behind molecular genetic testing in RDS (including pain and addiction) and the significance behind the development of the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARSPREDX™), the first test to accurately predict one’s genetic risk for RDS.

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journal ISSN :	2084-7688
DOI	10.1515/addge-2015-0001

Authors

Keywords

Reward Deficiency Syndrome Brain Reward Cascade DRD2 Gene variations Genetic Addiction Risk Score

Additional information

Publication languages: English

Data set: PSJD

Publisher

De Gruyter Open

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No field of science has been suggested yet.

Bibliography

[1] Grandy DK, Litt M, Allen L, Bunzow JR, Marchionni M, Makam H, Reed L, Magenis RE, Civelli O: The human dopamine D2 receptor gene is located on chromosome 11 at q22-q23 and identifies a TaqI RFLP. Am J Hum Genet 1989, 45(5): 778-785.
[2] Blum K, Noble EP, Sheridan PJ, Montgomery A, Ritchie T, Jagadeeswaran P, Nogami H, Briggs AH, Cohn JB: Allelic association of human dopamine D2 receptor gene in alcoholism. JAMA 1990, 263(15): 2055-2060.
[3] Conneally PM: Association between the D2 dopamine receptor gene and alcoholism. A continuing controversy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991, 48(8): 757-759.

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Kenneth Blum

Mary Hauser

James Fratantonio

Rajendra D. Badgaiyan

Keywords

Additional information

Publisher

Fields of science

Fields of science

Bibliography

[1] Grandy DK, Litt M, Allen L, Bunzow JR, Marchionni M, Makam H, Reed L, Magenis RE, Civelli O: The human dopamine D2 receptor gene is located on chromosome 11 at q22-q23 and identifies a TaqI RFLP. Am J Hum Genet 1989, 45(5): 778-785.

[2] Blum K, Noble EP, Sheridan PJ, Montgomery A, Ritchie T, Jagadeeswaran P, Nogami H, Briggs AH, Cohn JB: Allelic association of human dopamine D2 receptor gene in alcoholism. JAMA 1990, 263(15): 2055-2060.

[3] Conneally PM: Association between the D2 dopamine receptor gene and alcoholism. A continuing controversy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991, 48(8): 757-759.

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Molecular Genetic Testing in Pain and Addiction: Facts, Fiction and Clinical Utility