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Introduction:The effects of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) and ICD shocks on psychological state have previously been studied. However, it is still unclear how health‐related quality‐of‐life changes over time using standardized assessments. We sought to characterize the effects of ICDs and ICD shocks on psychological outcomes.Methods:Three hundred‐eight patients receiving ICDs were prospectively identified. Baseline QOL assessments including standardized psychological surveys [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Impact of Events Scale‐Revised (IES‐R), and Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF‐36)] were obtained within 2 months of device implantation and at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Outcomes including ICD shocks were followed over the 12‐month study period....
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