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Background
In select patients, pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains a local disease, yet there are no validated biomarkers to predict this behavior and who may benefit from aggressive local treatments. This study sought to determine if SMAD4 (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4) messenger RNA–sequencing (RNA‐seq) expression is a robust method for predicting overall survival (OS) and distant metastasis‐free...
BACKGROUND
The survival outcomes of patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are variable. This study investigated whether pre‐ and on‐treatment lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) could better prognosticate and select patients for ICI therapy.
METHODS
Using data from the POPLAR and OAK trials of atezolizumab versus docetaxel in previously...
Background
Omacetaxine mepesuccinate (OME) has antileukemic effects against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) carrying an internal tandem duplication of Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3‐ITD). A phase 2 clinical trial was conducted to evaluate a combination treatment of sorafenib and omacetaxine mepesuccinate (SOME).
Methods
Relapsed or refractory (R/R) or newly diagnosed patients were treated with sorafenib...
Background
Strategies using oral arsenic trioxide (As2O3) are efficacious in relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but they have not been examined in newly diagnosed cases.
Methods
Sixty‐two consecutive patients (24 men and 38 women) with a median age of 52 years (range, 22‐85 years), 36% of whom had high‐risk features, underwent induction with all‐trans retinoic acid at 45 mg/m2/d, oral...
BACKGROUND
For patients who have acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in second complete remission (CR2), optimal postremission strategies remain undefined.
METHODS
The role of an oral arsenic trioxide (As2O3)‐based regimen in the management of patients who had APL in CR2 was examined.
RESULTS
Seventy‐three patients with APL in first relapse (R1) were studied. Oral As2O3‐based reinduction resulted...
BACKGROUND
To the authors' knowledge, optimal adjuvant approaches for resected duodenal adenocarcinoma are not well established. Given the significant risk of locoregional disease recurrence, there may be a subset of patients who demonstrate an improvement in overall survival (OS) from the addition of radiotherapy (chemoradiotherapy [CRT]) to an adjuvant chemotherapy regimen.
METHODS
Patients with...
BACKGROUNDThe literature investigating pancreatic invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) has largely come from small institutional studies, preventing adequately powered comparisons of adjuvant therapy versus surgery alone (SA) within specific patient subgroups.
METHODSPatients with resected, stage I through IV, invasive IPMN and conventional pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)...
BACKGROUNDRisk factors for the development of therapy‐related leukemia (TRL), an often lethal late complication of cytotoxic therapy, remain poorly understood and may differ for survivors of different malignancies. Survivors of breast cancer (BC) now account for the majority of TRL cases, making the study of TRL risk factors in this population a priority.
METHODSSubjects with TRL after cytotoxic...
BACKGROUNDHealth care providers often counsel prostate cancer patients about treatment options with medical terminology. However, studies have demonstrated a severe lack of comprehension of these terms, particularly in underserved populations. It was hypothesized that a video‐based educational tool would significantly improve the understanding of key terms related to prostate health in a predominantly...
BACKGROUNDMen with high‐risk prostate cancer are often thought to have very poor outcomes in terms of disease control and survival even after definitive treatment. However, results after external beam radiotherapy have improved significantly through dose escalation and the use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). This report describes long‐term findings after low‐dose (< 75.6 Gy) or high‐dose...
BACKGROUNDPatients diagnosed with prostate cancer are often counseled about treatment options with the use of terms that are part of the “core vocabulary” of prostate cancer. It is hypothesized that predominantly lower literacy patients would demonstrate a severe lack of comprehension of prostate cancer terms, thus validating the findings of a previous single‐institution study.
METHODSA previously...
BACKGROUND:Alterations in the regulator of G‐protein signaling (RGS) pathway have been implicated in several cancers; therefore, the authors investigated the role of such alterations in overall bladder cancer risk, recurrence, progression, and survival.
METHODS:In this case‐control series, 803 patients with bladder cancer were frequency‐matched with a control cohort of 803 healthy individuals. Ninety‐five...
BACKGROUND:This study sought to determine if treatment time impacts pelvic failure (PF), distant failure (DF), or disease‐specific mortality (DSM) in patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).
METHODS:A retrospective review was performed of 113 consecutive eligible patients with stage IB2 to IIIB cervical cancer. All patients received whole‐pelvis radiation with concurrent chemotherapy...
BACKGROUND:The role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in the management of low‐grade glioma remains controversial. An analysis using data from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 22844/22845 studies concluded that several factors portend a poor prognosis: age ≥40 years, astrocytoma histology, tumor size ≥6 cm, tumor crossing midline, and preoperative neurologic deficits...
BACKGROUND:Several studies have demonstrated that abnormal levels of nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) are associated with bladder cancer and have led to the approval of NMP22 as a urinary biomarker by the US Food and Drug Administration. Nonetheless, the clinical significance of NMP22 remains unclear. The objective of this study was to use decision analysis to determine whether NMP22 improves medical...
BACKGROUND:Patients with hamartomatous polyposis syndromes have increased risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). Although progression of polyps to carcinoma is observed, pathogenic mechanisms remain unknown. The authors examined whether familial hamartomatous polyps harbor defects in DNA mismatch repair (MMR), and assayed for somatic mutation of PTEN, a gene inactivated in the germline of some hamartomatous...
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