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In vertebrates, arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase (AANAT; EC 2.3.1.87) is the time‐keeping and key regulatory enzyme in melatonin (Mel) biosynthesis. AANAT is present in the pineal gland, retina, and other regions where it is controlled by light, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, and the molecular clock. AANAT converts serotonin to N‐acetyl serotonin (NAS) and the last enzyme in the pathway,...